Introduction to Hospitals

Hospital- early Definition

An expert committee of WHO defined the
hospital as an integral part of a social system and medical organization the function of which is to provide for the population complete health care both curative and preventive ; the hospital is also a centre for the training of health workers and for bio-social research. ( WHO 1957)

 Another expert committee of WHO also defined the hospital as an institute that provides
inpatient accommodation for medical and nursing care in addition to the functions of that it assumes as skilled diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of inpatients and outpatients , ambulatory and domiciliary care and personal preventive service to the community, education and training of health personnel and medical epidemiological , social and organizational research. ( WHO, 1968)

Types of Hospital
Location
Regional Hospital- provide complete range of services and a range of specialties District Hospital- have hundreds of beds and provide medical, surgical, Obstetrical treatment primarily Local Hospital- 20- 100 beds provide general medical and surgical care

Types
Basis of Service
General Hospital Single Specialty hospital Multispecialty hospital

Basis of Ownership
Private hospital
For Profit Not for Profit

Government Hospital
Government run PPP

Types
Basis of Level of Care
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and now a days Quaternary care hospital

Basis of Population served

Rural or Urban

Basis of System of Medicine

Allopathic, Homeopathic, Ayurvedic etc.

Basis of Teaching
Teaching or non teaching hospital

Goals of Hospital
Therapy is the central goal of hospital Custody and care are the supportive goals Education and Research are the extended goals
Custody Care Therapy

Education

Research

Hospital Complex Organization

Hospital personnel ranges from highly skilled, educated physicians and mangers to unskilled and uneducated employees. Continuous operations, leads to high standby cost Many positions have dual line of reporting Deals with life and death which creates psychological and physical stress Output product is difficult to determine Wide diversity of objectives and goals among individuals , groups, subsystem

Hospital Distinguished Characteristics

Provides personalized care to individuals and cant be mass produced or standardized like industry More dependent and responsive to surrounding community Work is of emergency in nature and non deferable Nature of work is diverse and variable in nature Little control over workload Coordination of efforts and activities is indispensable to organizational functioning and activities are highly interlocking and interdependent

Hospital- Departments
Medical
Medical Services Nursing OT ICU, CCU, Cath Lab, Recovery and Day care Labour Room Emergency OPD Wards Diagnostics- Lab, Imaging, CP Lab, Other Diagnostics Blood Bank Pharmacy Physiotherapy Nutrition and Dietetics

Hospital- Departments
Non-Medical
Hospital Management Finance HR Marketing Customer care and Public Relations Facility Management Housekeeping Linen and Laundry Security EDP and IT Materials Food Service

Hospital- Departments
Another way of classifying the areas is
Clinical Services like Medical, Nursing, OT , ER etc. Clinical Support Services e.g. Diagnostics, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy Support Services e.g. Facility management, Housekeeping Adminstrative Services like Finance, HR, Customer care, Marketing etc.

Hospital- Organizational Structure

Hospital is a complex organization and has a lot of interdepartmental dependencies Dual reporting is quite common varies quite a lot and has been varied from vertical to horizontal organizational structure

Zonal Director

Unit Head HR

Head Admin

Materials Head

Head Engg

Medical Director

Head Sales & Marketing

Finance Controller

Nursing Matron

Team HR

Materials Team

Engg Team

Consultation & Doctors

Marketing Team

Finance Team

Nursing Team

HK

Security

PCS

F&B

4/17/2012

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