IP ADDR ES SIN G

# LOGICAL ADDRESS / PHYSICAL

ADDRESS

# IP Versions
-> IP Version 4
-> IP Version 6

# RFC
 PHYSICAL Address / LOGICAL
Address

PHYSICAL Address :- It is a Permanent Number for a device (usually

network card), which is unique to the type of device in the world.
E.g. – MAC Address, Your Name, Your DNA.

LOGICAL Address :- It is a Logical Number

assigned to a device on network, used to determine logical
information pertaining to the device. E.g. – IP Address, Your PRN,
Your Telephone Number.

-> A Logical Addressing Scheme is relative to the Protocol Suite used

on Network . For e.g. – Protocols like IP, IPX …. others have their own
respective Logical Addressing Scheme.
What is an IP Address ?
An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique
number that devices use in order to identify and communicate
with each other on a computer network utilizing the Internet
Protocol Standard (IP).

An IP Address corresponds to the logical address assigned to a

Network device.
It could be any participating network device – including Routers,
Printers, Computers, Fax Machines, Telephones .....

E.g. – 63.28.182.121 (An IP Address)

 Versions Of IP Address

The Internet Protocol has two primary versions in use. Each

version has its own definition of an IP address. Because of its
prevalence, "IP address" typically refers to those defined by IPv4.

IP Versions
-> IP Version 4

-> IP Version 5 (Experimental)

-> IP Version 6
 IPv4 ADDRESSING
► IPv4 uses 32-bit (4 byte) addresses, which limits the address
space to 4,294,967,296 (2^32) possible unique addresses. -
This includes the reserved addresses also.
► An IPv4 Address is a set of 4 octets, divided to let determine
the Network part & the Host part.

For the same purpose an IPv4 Addresses are classified in various

Classes

-> Class A (Large Networks Usually)

-> Class B (Medium Sized Networks Usually)
-> Class C (Home Networks Usually)
-> Class D ( Reserved for Multicast)
-> Class E ( Reserved)
Public IP Addresses : These IP address allow to
communicate over Internet i.e. external world.

Private IP Addresses : These IP address are meant

for LAN or home networks, which are independent to
external world. User can’t communicate on Internet
using a Private Address.

Reserved IP Addresses : There are some IP

addresses reserved for special purposes.
Classes In IPv4 Addressing
Scheme
Class A

Network Bits : 8 Bits Host Bits : 24 Bits

Range : 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255
Subnet Mask : 255.0.0.0

Private Range : 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

Class B
Network Bits : 16 Bits Host Bits : 16 Bits
Range : 128.0.0.1 – 191.255.255.255
Subnet Mask : 255.255.0.0

Private Range : 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

Class C
Network Bits : 24 Bits Host Bits : 8 Bits
Range : 192.0.0.1 – 223.255.255.255
Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0

Private Range : 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

Class D
Range : 224.0.0.1 – 239.255.255.255
-> Reserved for Multicasting.

Class E
Range : 240.0.0.1 – 255.255.255.255
-> Reserved for Government/Defense Purposes
Some Reserved Addresses :

APIPA Range : Automatic Private IP Address

It is self generated IP Address by Host machine in case, DHCP

address isn't resolved.
Range : 169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.255

Loopback Address :

Range : 127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255

 IPv6 ADDRESSING
► In IPv6, the new (but not yet widely deployed) standard
protocol for the Internet, addresses are 128 bits wide.
► In theory, there would be exactly 2^128, or about 3.403 ×
1038 unique host interface addresses. The exact number is
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456.

Interesting Stuff :-
# IPv6 allows us to have a Logical Address even for an Atom.
# JAPAN works completely on IPv6.