PREPARED BY : MUHAMAD KHAIRI BIN SHAMSUDDIN NURUL HASLINA BINTI MOHD ROZALI FATIMAH BINTI ABU HASSAN LECTURER

: PUAN NURULNADIA BINTI ABDULLAH

A SAMPLE OF LESSON PLAN

i.

Writing is a productive skill which needs stepby-step development Teachers need to look at the syllabus and plan how they will restructure their writing course The writing tasks are sequenced according to level difficulty and according to topic

ii.

iii.

SETTING A TASK Principle that guide the decision: The task must within the ability of the student The task must appeal to the student and make him want to write The student must understand what he needs to do in order to be considered successful

 TEACHING THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF COMPOSITION BY NESAMALAR page 164 - 176

TEACHING FOCUS

ACTIVITIES
Think of ideas for posters to pin up around the school. The posters use not more than one sentence. Then, there will be a class discussion Write captions for the pictures students have paint in Art class Rearrange the sentences in a correct order Insert the sentence given in appropriate places in each different texts provided. ( to show that the same sentence can play different roles in different texts Unjumbling sentences to write a paragraph Filling in linkers in a given paragraph Using notes and pictures

Sentence Building

Paragraph Writing

TEACHING FOCUS

ACTIVITIES
Using details to make a composition interesting Using details to make a story interesting Organizing a composition Writing an outline Experimenting with story line Learning language related to a topic Selecting right level of formality Completing an idea map Making a composition more coherent and cohesive Learning the mechanics in meaningful context Quick-write Keeping journals Dictating to others Extensive writing

Building Blocks

Fluency - Building

WRITING LESSON SEQUENCES BY HARMER page 331 - 339

Provide example which the writing activity is specified, together with its particular focus For example 1, 2 and 5, some of the activities are about the nuts and bolts of writing For example 5 and 6, some are designed to build the writing habit For example 3 and 4, some are designed to give students practice in the skill of writing

Example 1 : Dino at the hotel

Activity Focus Age Level

: punctuating a text : writing conventions : young adult and above : elementary

Example 2 : The bear

Activities : story reconstruction , story continuation Focus : coherence and cohesion Age : young adult and above Level : upper intermediate and above Activity : writing a review Focus : indentifying genre features Age : young adult and above Level : upper and intermediate and above Activity Focus Age Level Activity Focus Age : letter writing : communication writing : any : intermediate and above : running dictation : writing for fun / concentrating on writing correctly : any

Example 3 : The genre analyser

Example 4 : Unsent letters

Example 5 : A poem

Example 6 : Ancient monuments

Activities Focus Age Level Activity Focus writing Age Level

: writing a poem : creative writing : any : lower intermediate plus : story circle : building the writing habit; cooperative narrative : any : elementary and above : student blogging : writing for communication : adult : any

Example 7 : Julias story

Example 8 : Such a life

Activity Focus Age Level

Example 9 : College transport

Activity : report writing Focus : how to reports are constructed; making note Age : young adult + Level : upper intermediate

Designing remedial and enrichment activities.

What is remedial activities?

Remedial

: aimed at improving or correcting a situation @ helping people who are slow at learning something. Activity : a situation in which there is a lot of action or movement.

Examples of remedial activities.

Word

search puzzle. remedial\unit_03_vocabulary.pdf Match the words. remedial\jobs and place match.pdf Complete the sentences. remedial\subject-predicate-word-box.pdf

What is enrichment activities?

Enrichment

: to improve the quality Activity : a situation in which there is a lot of action or movement.

Examples of enrichment activities

Quiz.

enrich\kids-print-world-cities.pdf Fill in the blanks. enrich\story.pdf Write a story. enrich\themagicdoor.ppt

STEPS TO BUILD WRITING ACTIVITIES

 Factors

Influencing the Assessment of English Language Learners Planning the Assessment Developing Test Items and Scoring Criteria External Reviews of Test Materials Evaluating the Tasks Through Tryouts Scoring Constructed-Response Items Testing Accommodations for English Language Learners Using Statistics to Evaluate the Assessment and Scoring

Preparing test specification

Matching the Task to the Purpose

The first step in developing a test item should be to link, directly to the test specifications and content standards, the content and skill that the item is supposed to measure. If the items require a high level of English proficiency, unrelated to the construct as defined, this will likely affect the scores for ELLs as well as students in the general population.

 Defining

Expectations

writers should not assume that students have had any previous experience with given tasks. the criteria for the response should be made clear to the student.

 Writing

Appropriate Directions

Design directions to maximize clarity and minimize the potential for confusion. Consider options for simplifying the language used for directions

 Using

Accessible Language

the language of presentation should be as simple and clear as possible Use vocabulary that will be widely accessible to student Keep sentence structures as simple as possible to express the intended meaning. Avoid use of negatives and constructions utilizing not in the questions stems and options as they can cause confusion

 Presentation

For all assessments, test developers should be aware of formatting issues Fonts, font sizes, line breaks in paragraphs, and test directions should all receive a careful review

Building Language Test Items -Structured Question-

The writing frame

Modern

use of writing frames evolved with the push to raise standards through the introduction of the National Curriculum and, more recently, the Literacy Strategy. It is expected that pupils will be taught different styles of writing to equip them with the skills needed by employers of the future.

Advantages of writing frames Provide a structure. Give a framework on which to hang ideas. Help pupils to extend their answers. Can provide suitable sentence starters. Help to teach pupils about appropriate genres of writing. Direct writing towards a purpose. Focus on including the sections needed to reach a level or grade. Essential component in the Literacy Strategy, which has raised standards. Provides support for the less able. Can be differentiated to stretch the more able. A range of frames can be provided to allow pupil choice.

Drawbacks of writing frames Can limit the thinking of some pupils. Focuses learners towards set answers. Tendency to restrict answers to using a few frames. Cannot predict examination answers, leading to pupils writing set answers rather than addressing the question. Tend to put off pupils who have visual or other preferred learning styles. Can lead to all members of the group producing similar pieces of coursework. Can stunt creative expression. Following the frame can become the focus of the activity, rather than the learning itself. Can lead to pupils selecting information to fit the frame they know, rather than selecting information to answer the question whilst using a frame for guidance.

THANK YOU