PRESENTED BY

Naveet Pal
GIN/1164/05
What is a ROBOT
Is not 'natural' / has
been artificially created.

 Can sense its

environment.

 Can manipulate things

in its environment.

 Has some degree of

intelligence, or ability to
make choices
What is a ROBOT
 Based on the
environment, or
automatic control
/preprogrammed
sequence.

 Is programmable.
 Can move with one or
more axes of rotation
or translation.

 Can make dexterous

coordinated
movements.
 Appears to have
intent or agency
Mental agency

 The way its actions are controlled.

 The ability to make choices.
 Sense its environment.
 Decisions based on previous and
present information.
Physical agency
 The simple appearance of agency is
not sufficient for something to be
called a robot.
 A robot must do something, whether
it is useful work or not.
 a factory automation arm is usually
called a robot.
 a CNC milling machine is sometimes
called a robot.
 Definition of robot

International standard ISO

8373 defines a "robot" as:

“An automatically controlled,

reprogrammable, multipurpose,
manipulator programmable in
three or more axes, which may
be either fixed in place or mobile
for use in industrial automation
applications. ”
 How Robots Work
As human beings are made up of five major
components Robots are also
Human Robot
 A body structure.  A movable physical
structure
 A muscle system.  A motor of some sort
 A sensor system
 A sensory system.  A power supply
 A computer "brain"
 A power source.

 A brain system.
Defining parameters

 Number of axes
 Kinematics
 Working envelope
 Carrying capacity
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Motion control
 Power source
 Drive
 Three Laws of
Robotics
1. A robot may not injure a human
being or, through inaction,
allow a human being to come to
harm.
2. A robot must obey orders given
it by human beings except
where such orders would
conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own
existence as long as such
protection does not conflict
Field of Robotics

 Industries.
 Military.
 Medical.
 Space Science.
 Domestic.
Industrial robotics

An industrial
robot is
officially
defined by ISO
as an
automatically
controlled,
reprogrammabl
e, multipurpose
manipulator
programmable
in three or more
axes.
Types of Industrial
Robot
 Articulated robots
 SCARA robots
 Gantry robots
 Robot arms
Military Robotics

In military the basic idea

is to program the robot
to respond a certain way
to outside stimuli, such
as mines are spread over
the area and robot have
to carry the soldier to
the desired Location.In
such case Robot have to
make choice to select
suitable path.
Uses of Military Robots
 Detection of Mines.
 Disposal of Bombs.
 Patrolling in Dangerous Area.
 Cleaning Toxic Area.
 Patrolling in Unpleasant
Environment.
Medical Robotics
These aren't true
autonomous robots
that can perform
surgical tasks on their
own, but they are
lending a mechanical
helping hand to
surgeons. These
machines still require
a human surgeon to
operate them and
input instructions.
Remote control and
voice activation are
the methods by which
Advantage of Medical
Robot
 Less Staff required for Operation.
 Operations can be done from
distance by tele-surgery.
 Enhanced Precision.
 Reduced Trauma
Space Robotics

Robots are the best

option available to
collect the data from
space because they
can be more compact
and can be
programmed to
function as per our
requirements.
Advantage of Robot in
Space
 They cost less as compared to send
Human.
 They are more reliable.
 They can tolerate extreme condition.
 They can stay in space for long time.
 Their loss can be affordable.
Artificial Intelligence

 The science and engineering of making

intelligent machines.
 Intelligence as exhibited by an
artificial(man-made, non-natural,
manufactured) entity.
 AI is studied in overlapping fields of
computer science, psychology,
neuroscience and engineering, dealing
with intelligent behavior, learning and
adaptation and usually developed using
customized machines or computers.
Schools of thought

AI divides roughly into two schools

of thought:

 Conventional AI
 Computational intelligence (CI)
Conventional AI

Mostly involves methods now

classified as machine learning
,methods include:

 Expert systems.
 Case based reasoning.
 Bayesian networks.
 Behavior based AI.
Computational
intelligence
Learning is based on empirical data
and is associated with non-symbolic
AI, scruffy AI and soft computing.
Methods mainly include:
 Neural networks.
 Fuzzy systems.
 Evolutionary computation.
Future Trend of ROBOTICS

Progress is being made in the field

of feedback and tactile sensors
which allow a robot to sense their
actions and adjust their behavior
accordingly. This is vital to enable
robots to perform complex physical
tasks that require some active
control in response to the situation.
Queries Time