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History of Child Welfare Major contributors Statistics Theories Current Trends and Issues Roles
Throughout the history of the United States, the child welfare system has evolved according to changing beliefs and attitudes about what role government should play in the protection and care of abused and neglected children.
As public awareness about child abuse and the damage it caused grew, the importance of child protection received greater attention by government officials.
Expanding role of the federal government the federal governments role in the modern child welfare system has increased as federal funding augmentations are accompanied by new rules and requirements emphasizing greater accountability on the part of states in achieving positive child outcomes.
The Social Security Act of 1935 authorized the first federal grants for child welfare services Though relatively small, these first federal grants served as an impetus for states to establish child welfare agencies and to develop local programs to deliver child welfare services. Federal funding for child welfare services increased, and states were required to match federal grants with state funds. The bill was written by the President's Committee on Economic Security, chaired by Frances Perkins.
Feminist First woman to be appointed to a Cabinet post (Secretary of Labor) held post through both FDR terms Contributed greatly to the writing of the New Deal legislation
developed the first public child welfare programs in central Louisiana to offer child protection services to neglected children, services to unmarried mothers, foster home services for children, and adoption Especially active in recruiting black adoptive homes, Gandelman made the first black adoption placement in the agencys history in 1972
Placement settings
< 1 year
4%
12-15 years
19%
28% 22%
19% 7%
In Out-of-Home care Black or African American Native Hawaiian/Pacific Island Asian Other Hispanic/Latino
TRENDS
The original Social Security Act also created the Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) program, in order to help states provide financial assistance to needy dependent children. (In 1962, this program was renamed Aid to Families with Dependent Children, or AFDC. AFDC was in turn replaced by the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, or TANF, block grant program in 1996.) Temporary Assistance is temporary help for needy men, women and children. If you are unable to work, can't find a job, or your job does not pay enough, TA may be able to help you pay for your expenses. 60 month limit (5 years)
REUNIFICATION
THEORIES
Attachment theory
childs relationship with a primary caregiver during infancy is critically important to later development and serves as a prototype for the childs relationships throughout the lifespan (Howe, 1995) usefulness in understanding the psychological ramifications of child abuse and neglect
REFORMS
no single comprehensive child welfare program at the federal level Aid to Dependent Children-Foster Care
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
TRANSITIONAL LIVING
In 1986, out of concern that adolescents who aged-out of the foster care system were not equipped to live on their own, Congress authorized the Independent Living Program. The new program, which was authorized under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, provided funding for states to help older foster youth make the transition from foster care to independence.
Every state has a public agency that is charged with the delivery of services in response to reports of child abuse and neglect prevention and early intervention required to ensure a childs safety when the child is abused or neglected or when a caregiver is unable or unwilling to protect his or her child receive and assess allegations of abuse and neglect, assess childrens safety and risk of future harm, evaluate a familys capacity to participate in services provided, and plan and coordinate interventions and services for families
School social workers Case workers for child protective services Foster care social workers Administrative social workers Juvenile justice systems
WORK CITED
http://advancesinsocialwork.iupui.edu/index.php/advancesinsocialwork/article/viewFile/1 74/167 http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/info_services/state/New%20York.pdf http://www.illinoischildwelfare.org/archives/volume3/icw3-8.pdf http://www.ocwtp.net/PDFs/Assmt%20III%20Trends%20in%20Child%20Welfare.pdf http://ocfs.state.ny.us/bridgestohealth/ http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/ten_for_2010/OCFS_ChildWelfareFinance_Final.pdf http://www.ncsl.org/IssuesResearch/HumanServices/tabid/123/Default.aspx U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2006). The AFCARS Report: Final Estimate for FY 1998 Through FY 2002 (12). Retrieved January 7, 2010, from www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/afcars/tar/report12.htm U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2009). The AFCARS Report: Preliminary FY 2008 Estimates as of October 2009 (16). Retrieved January 7, 2010 from www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/afcars/tar/report16.htm