The Road Map of Chinese Biomass Energy Development

Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,

Chinese Academy of Sciences Prof. Chuangzhi Wu, Prof. Haibin LI

1. Biomass resources in China

2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization 3. Targets of R&D 4. Technology Road Maps

Significance of Biomass Energy in China

Increase the supply of clean energy Improve environment protection & sustainable development

Promote rural economy

1.Biomass resources in China

Straw from agriculture 650 Mton, 50% can be used as energy, 210 MTCE Biomass Energy Potential: 385 MTCE Forest industry and timber work waste: 270Mton, 30% can be used as energy, 50MTCE Biogas from livestock excreta and waste water 100MTCE Municipal solid waste 155 Mton, about 25MTCE

Energy crops and plants industry are not established!

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1.Biomass resources in China

1.1 Agricultural waste
The amount of straw that can be utilized as modern energy increased by 1~2% every year. 60% of the total amount can be used as energy. After 2030, about 400~500 mil. tons of straw can be used as energy, 200~300 M TCE.

The consumption of straw for different purposes(2004)

Unit: million tons

Consumption
Return to soil Feedstuff Paper making

Potential as fuel
Burned as fuel 290 152 The rest 138
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Total 546

82

153

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Power generation is the most efficient technology before the maturation of liquefaction

1.Biomass resources in China

1.2 Forestry residues
125 million tons 71.66 M TCE

Logging and timber processing 77.60M tons 44.23 MTCE

Firewood 48.13 M tons 27.43 M TCE

The preferential option for forestry residues should be raw materials for industries, then be used as fuel

1.Biomass resources in China

1.3 Livestock excreta
It is estimated that by the year of 2010 and 2020, the

excreta yield will be 2.5 and 4billion tons.

The collectable resource will be 180 and 290 M TCE

Complex composition and high water content

Low energy utilization Efficiency

Environmental protection requirement

1.Biomass resources in China

1.4 Industrial organic wastes
50 billion m3 biogas can be produced from food processing wastes 35 MTCE

1.5 Municipal solid waste

MSW production increased by 8% each year. More than 80% of the total was treated by landfill. Average calorific value of MSW : 4~5 MJ/kg According to the data of 2004 (150 M tons) 25 M TCE. If 10% used for energy2.5 M TCE
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1.Biomass resources in China

1.5 Waste Vegetable Oil & Tallow
Biodiesel: 2 million tons/year
Cottonseed Oil
1 million tons/year of cottonseed oil can be collected for biodiesel production 1.6 million tons of cottonseed oil

Waste oil and fat 1 million tons/year

9 million tons of cottonseed

4.86 million tons/year cotton production
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1.Biomass resources in China

1.6 Energy crops
Marginal Land Availability in China
32-75 million ha.

Set-aside land: 7.34~9.37 million ha. Energy crops

Cropland not in use in wintertime: -8.66 million ha. Set aside woodland:
- 16~57

million ha.

Woody crops Existing oil plant forest

3.43 million ha.

Biodiesel resource
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1.Biomass resources in China

Estimation: Energy crops production Set-aside land 7.34~9.37 million ha.
Energy Crops Production Productivity (ton/ha) Sweet 60-80(haulm) sorghum 3-5(grain) 40% Sweet 15-20 potato 20% Cassava 20-30 20% Sugar cane 60-70 10%

Cropland not in use in wintertime -8.66 million ha.

Ethanol equivalence Potential (ton/ha) (MTCE/yr) 4-6 2-3 4-6 4-6 18.35

Oil plant 9.53 MTCE/yr

3.67 7.34 3.67

Total

33.03
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1.Biomass resources in China

Estimation: Woody crops
2010: 800 thousand ha. of woody oil plant 2020: 13 million ha. of woody plant, 54 million tons dry material

.Woody crops 8.9 million ha.

Woody oil plant 4.1 million ha. 35 million TCE/yr 6.7 million tons of biodiesel
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1.Biomass resources in China

Biomass resource potential evaluation: MTCE
Item Existing biomass resource Utilized Available Increment of biomass resource Agriculture and forest industy Energy crops Marginal land planting Total Practically Available 2006 500 220 280 0 2010 500 200 300 30 20 10 0 530 330 2020 500 180 320 230 140 40 50 730 550 2030 2050 500 500 150 100 350 400 470 580 300 400 70 80 100 100 970 1080 820 980

500 280

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1.Biomass resources in China

The potential biomass development capacity: about 1 billion TCE Types of Biomass a. Waste material

Fundamentals
Priority: Resource utilization and environmental protection Development of energy crop agriculture and energy forest industry-enlarge the supply of biomass resource Marginal land developmentProtect existing cropland, forest and grassland
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Large amount-clean energy

b. Energy crops
Scale-up

c. Non-edible species
Food securityMarginal land for production

2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

Power generation

A B

Types of Biomass Energy Utilization

C

Liquid fuel Gas fuel

D

Pelletized fuel
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2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

Characteristics of Biomass utilization: About 14% of the primary energy consumption in the world:
Outside China: Power generation>Fuel ethanol>Biodiesel>Industrial biogas In China: Household biogas>Fuel ethanol>others including power generation The motivation differences: Developed countries: CO2 emission reduction, environmental protection; Developing countries: Energy supplements, promote agriculture development
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2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

High subsidy technologies Profitable point

Stage II
Biodiesel from oil plants

Bioethanol from sugar and starch

Biogas
Pelleting

Biodiesel from waste oil

Direct combustion power generation Gsification power generation

Low subsidy technologies Engineering demonstration

Stage III
CHP

Bioethanol from cellulose Synfuel from

gasification

Polygeneration utilization

Stage I
H2 from biomass

Stage IV New technologies need to be explored

Advanced technologies

Market competition force

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2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

There stages of biomass utilization technology: Commercialized technologies:
High subsidy technologies: Biodiesel from oil plants, bioethanol from sugar and starch Low subsidy technologies: Biogas, pelleting, direct combustion power generation

Engineering demonstration
Fuel ethanol from cellulose, gasification power generation, synfuel from gasification, direct liquefaction, combined cooling-heating-power generation(CHP);

Technologies under development

Algae utilization, biosynthesis, H2 from biomass

Technologies need to be explored

Polygeneration, et al.
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2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

The trend of biomass energy utilization
Industry Commercialization demonstration Biogas Combustion power generation Indirect liquefaction Direct liquefaction
Bioethanol from Biodiesel from cellulose

plant oil

Pelleting Fuel ethanol

Gasification power generation

Engineering demonstration

H2 from biomass

2010

2020
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2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

Bio-ethanol
Status in China In the near future

Just started Mainly from corn

Marginal land for the production of cassava, sweet sorghum

Mid to long term direction

Promote the development of fuel ethanol from cellulose

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2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

At present, power generation is still the main technology for biomass waste utilization

Trend of biomass power generation

Developments of different kinds of technology CHP and comprehensive utilization Small to medium scale and stand alone power

system

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2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

Factors affect the generation capacity
Factors Generation eff. Biomass cost Investment& management Direct Gasification Remarks combustion Part of 12MW direct combustion >25MW >6MW
can also use high parameter generation system

<10MW >6MW

<10MW >3MW

<60,000ton/yr

6MW-10MW, the bigger the better; The capacity for direct combustion: 6-12MW The capacity for gasification(BIGCC): 4-12MW;
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3.Targets of R&D in China

Basic principles for the energy utilization of biomass
Clean fuel for rural area : Fuel gas and solid fuel
Resource cultivation and exploitation

Power generation, comprehensive utilization

Promote the development of liquid fuelsubstitution of fossil fuel

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3.Targets of R&D
In the near future(2010): Biomass power generation: 600MW Biomass liquid fuel: 2 million ton/yr 3~5% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used Mid-term target(2020) Biomass power generation: 3000MW Biomass liquid fuel: 15 million ton/yr 15~20% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used

Mid-term target(2030) Biomass power generation: 5000MW Biomass liquid fuel: 50 million ton/yr 30~40% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used
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3.Targets of R&D
Direction of Development

Development of Resources: Short to mid-term: mainly agriculture and forestry waste; Give attention to energy crops and energy plants Long term: Mainly energy agriculture and energy forestry; Give attention to new resources, such as energy algae..

Route of Technology Development: Short to mid-term: Biogas, pelleting, fuel ethanol, biodiesel, power generation, CHP. Mid to long term: Synfuel from gasification, ethanol from cellulose, biochemical engineering; Long term: Algae technology, ocean biomass, H2 production
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4.Technology Road Maps

Summary of technologies
High moisture content biomass Non-edible sugar and starch Product separation Separation Hydrolysis Combustion Cellulose Fermentation CH4/H2 Gas fuel

Power

Heat & Power

Pretreatment
Microbe Residue

Gasification
Synthesis Pyrolysis & catalytic cracking Refining Liquid fuel

Non-edible oil & fat

Component separation

Esterify

Chemicals
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4.Technology Road Maps

Technologies for bio-conversion
Ethanol Separation & Concentrating Bacteria reconstruction Cellulose enzyme Butanol H2 CH4

Synchro fermentation

Straw & sugar crops

Combustion

Micro-algae Residue

Residue

Ethene Acetic acid SiO2 Fertilizer Heat/ Power Feedingstuff

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Drying

4.Technology Road Maps

Road Map for Biomass Bio-Conversion
2005 2010
Cellulose fermentation fuel ethanol 3000t/Y Cellulose enzyme solid state fermentation

2015
Cellulose ethanol 10000t/Y Solid state fermation Coupled Vaporized tech.

2020

Pretreatment Genetic tech. for bacteria cultivatio Residue combustion tech

SiO2 from ash

Bench scale H2 from micro-algae Coupled tech. for CH4/H2 production Continuous fermentation for biogas

H2 from micro-algae: demonstration 100M3 CH4/H2 Demonstration

Large scale bio-gas application

Large scale biogas 10000M3

Exploration

Pilot scale

Demonstration

Industrialization

Large scale application

Nearly zero emission

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Large scale high-grade clean fuel application

Large scale application

4.Technology Road Maps

Technologies for solid biomass thermalchemical conversion
Separation Pyrolysis liquefaction Bio-oil Chemical modulation Refining Combustion Gasification Fuel gas Reforming

Chemicals
Boiler Fuel Vehicle fuel
Heat & Power

CH4 H2

Syngas Catalytic de-oxygen liquefaction

Catalytic synthesis

DME Methanol Diesel

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Fractionation

4.Technology Road Maps

Road Map for biomass thermal chemical conversion
2007
BIGCC

2010
Industrialization of BIGCC

2015
Large scale application

2020

Advanced gasificaiton
Gas refinery CO2 rich synthesis Selectivity liquefaction Bio-oil separation & refinery

Demonstration >3000t/a
Pilot scale 1000t/a Pilot scale 1000t/a 1000t/a 3000t/a Direct liquefaction >10000t/a Syngas synthesis >3000t/a Indirect liquefation >10000t/a

200t/a

1000t/a

Exploration

Pilot scale

Demonstration

Industrialization

Large scale application

Nearly zero emission

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Large scale biomass energy application

4.Technology Road Maps

Technologies for biodiesel
Chemicals Enzyme Biodiesel
Lipid Esterification

Lipid abstraction

Oil plant & algae

Fertilizer
Catalyst
Glycerin

High value conversion

Residue

High value conversion

acetone Glycol Feedingstuff Medicine

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4.Technology Road Maps

Road Map for Biodiesel
2005
Continuous reaction Magnetism nanocatalytic reaction Residue high value conversion

2010

2015

2020

Pilot plant 3000t/Y Glycerin high value conversion Medicine component abstraction

30000t/Y

500t/Y

Large scale polygeneration process

Pilot scale comprehensive utilization

Exploration

Pilot scale

Demonstration

Industrialization

Large scale application

Nearly zero emission

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Large scale high grade liquid fuel application

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