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Assyrian Invasions
Assyrians conquer the kingdom of Israel.
In 722 B.C.E, the Assyrians conquered Israel.
Characteristic of Assyrian conquest: Assyrians would force many of the conquered peoples to relocate to other parts of their empire. When they conquered Israel, they forced the ten tribes to scatter throughout their empire. Assyrians did not settle the Israelites in one place, but scattered them in small populations all over the Middle East. These Israelites became known as the Ten lost tribes of Israel.
Mediterranean Sea.
Had few resources and were surrounded by enemies. Phoenicians became expert sailors. Designed and built ships that could sail long distances. Sailed throughout the Mediterranean and into the Atlantic Ocean.
1550-300 B.C.E: Phoenicians grew wealthy from trade and set up colonies throughout Mediterranean Sea. Phoenician traders created an alphabet to record their activities: used by many civilizations. Phoenicians carried the goods, ideas, and technology of the Fertile Crescent to Europe, North Africa, and West Africa. Phoenician navigation skills and boat designs were adopted by other ancient peoples.
Phoenician Achievements
Libya is washed on all sides by the sea except where it joins Asia, as was first demonstrated, so far as our knowledge goes, by the Egyptian king Necho, who, after calling off the construction of the canal between the Nile and the Arabian gulf, sent out a fleet manned by a Phoenician crew with orders to sail west about and return to Egypt and the Mediterranean by the way of the Straits of Gibraltar. The Phoenicians sailed from the Arabian gulf into the southern ocean, and every autumn put in at some convenient spot on the Libyan coast, sowed a patch of ground, and waited for next year's harvest. Then, having got in their grain, they put to sea again, and after two full years rounded the Pillars of Heracles in the course of the third, and returned to Egypt. Herodotus, The Histories 4.42
PHOENICIAN ALPHABET
Cultural identity
Created or borrowed advanced technology Good location for trade
Food Surpluses
Large Population