MVS LC SLIDES01 FP2005 Ver1.0

MVS
(Day 1)
Objectives
• To introduce mainframes
– Hardware and Software
• To introduce internals of MVS
• To introduce VSAM and non-VSAM data sets
• To introduce job management in MVS
• To introduce various subsystems and facilities
• To introduce TSO and ISPF
ER/CORP/CRS/OS01/003
Copyright © 2005, Infosys 2
Technologies Ltd Version No: 1.0
Prerequisites
• Knowledge about basic computer architecture
• Basic knowledge in Operating System concepts
• Knowledge about I/O and communications
Evaluation Strategy
Component Marks Schedule
Mock Quiz Not Day 3

(Optional) Evaluated (Day 1 and Day 2 topics)
Module Test 100 Day 4

(All topics)
References
1. Robert. H. Johnson, MVS – Concepts and Facilities, McGraw-Hill Book

Company, 1989.
• Doug Lowe, MVS JCL - Mike Murach & Associates, 1994.
• MVS/DFP - IBM Manual
4. Doug Lowe , MVS TSO PART1 CONCEPTS AND ISPF, Mike Murach &
Associates, 1991.
5. Jay Ranade, Hirday Ranade, VSAM Concepts, Programming, and Design -
McGraw-Hill
6. IBM On-line Manuals - IGG3L100, IGG3U100 and IGG3V400. On MVS.
Course Plan
Day 1
• Introduction to Mainframes
– Hardware & Software Evolution
• Distinguishing characteristics of a mainframe OS
• Basic Mainframe Architecture
• Address spaces
• Mechanisms in Multiple Virtual Storage
Day 2
• Data set management
– Describe the organization of data sets
– VSAM and Non-VSAM
• Job Management
– How does JCL specify its processing requirements ?
– Job Entry Subsystem
– Phases of a job
Day 3
• Various subsystems & facilities most commonly found on a typical Mainframe system
• System generation & initialization
• TSO/ISPF
Agenda – Day1
• Introduction
– Comparison of computer types
• Personal, Mini & Mainframes
– Evolution of Mainframe hardware and software
– Distinguishing characteristics of a mainframe OS
– Basic Mainframe architecture
– I/O device structure
• Concepts & terminology

– Idea of address spaces
– Mechanisms in Multiple Virtual Storage
– MVS address space organizations
( Memory maps )
Basic Components of Computer Systems
Classification of computers
Personal Computer Mainframe Computer
Super Computer Mini Computer
Personal Computers
Minicomputer
Mainframe
Super Computers
. High Processing capacity
Uses:
. Scientific computations
. Military applications
Mainframe Hardware Evolution
Mainframe System Software Evolution …
• DOS/VSE
• OS/360
• PCP
• OS/MFT
Mainframe System Software Evolution
• OS/MVT
• OS/VS1 and SVS
• MVS
• Z/OS
Mainframe OS - characteristics
• Virtual storage
• Multiprogramming
• Spooling
• Batch processing
• Time sharing
Virtual storage
• Technique that lets a processor simulate a large amount of main storage from
a smaller installed real storage.
• Uses disk storage as an extension of real storage.
• At any given moment only one program and its data need be in real storage.
Multiprogramming
• More than one program executing at the same time.
• Key : I/O waits take a long time compared to CPU operations.
• Only a simulation again.
Spooling
• Intercepts and redirects printer output to a disk file.
• Each programs’ output stored separately.
• Facilitates effective sharing of I/O devices and better system throughput.
Batch processing
• Batch processing is -
– Non interactive
– Off line
• JCL describes a batch job - programs, data and resources required.
• Job scheduler : submits jobs for execution based on scheduling algorithm.
Time sharing
• Time sharing makes on-line, interactive processing possible.
• Each user has access to the system and a gets a time slice repeatedly.
• TSO used to login, create, maintain and store JCLs.
• Processing is generally as a batch job in background.
Basic Mainframe architecture …
channel 0
channel 1
Processor
channel 2
channel 3
Main channel 4
CPU storage
channel 5
channel 6
channel 7
A family of processors from IBM
Basic Mainframe architecture ...
• Processor-CPUs+Main store+channels
– cache
– expanded storage
• Multiprocessing (more than one CPU)
– PR/SM - Processor resource / systems manager
Basic Mainframe architecture ...
• Channels -
– provides a path between a processor and an I/O device. ( 4.5 MB/sec, 400-foot )
– Each channel can connect to upto 8 control units each of which is connected to an
I/O device.
– A channel is intelligent ( a CPU in itself )
• ESCON - Enterprise System Connection - based on fiber optics ( 17 MB/sec,26
miles )
I/O Devices
• Unit record devices

– card devices & printers
• Magnetic tape devices

– sequential access only
• Direct access devices

– disk drive, DASD, auxiliary, .secondary storage
– random access possible
Magnetic Tapes
• It is one of the commonly used I/O.
• Coated with a magnetic material on both sides of the tape.
• Data is stored by Magnetizing the ferrite coating.
• Sequential access of records.
• Used for bulk storage and easy transportation.
Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)
• A DASD consists of many disk
packs or volumes:
• Data on both sides
Platters
DASD - Tracks & Cylinders
TRACK 807
TRACK 000
DASD - Actuator
READ-WRITE HEADS
DASD: Data format …
There are two types of Data Formats:
Fixed block data format
Count Key data format (CKD format)
DASD - Data format
• CKD ( count-key-data) devices -
– Store data in variable-length blocks
– Each data block preceded by a count area and a key area ( which should be met
before data in dir of rotation )
– Gaps to separate count, key and data areas.
DASD - control units …
• Each type of DASD requires two types of control units to connect to a channel :
– String controller :
• attaches a group of DASDs of same type ( a string )
– Storage control :
• connects upto 8 DASD strings to a channel
• Cache between processor & drive.
• Support for more than one channel connection to processor.
DASD - Control units
Data communications equipment …
• Lets local & remote terminals access a system :
– host system
– communications controller
– modems
– telecommunication lines
– terminal systems
Data communications equipment
Terminals
• 3270 terminals are the standard.
• It is a subsystem of many terminals, printers and controllers
• Terminals can be emulated on PCs which accesses the mainframe over wide
area links.
Concepts & terminologies
Address space
• What is an Address Space?
– An address space is a complete range of addresses that can be accessed by a
processor.
Addressability of different Systems
• Depends on number of bits used for addressing :
– System 370 : 24 bit addressing, 16 MB max
– 370 XA, ESA 370,390 : 31 bit addressing, 2GB max.
– Z series – 64 bit addressing
16 EB
64 bit
2 GB “Bar” Addressing
(z/OS)
16 MB “ Line”
31-bit
Addressing 24 bit
Addressing
(MVS/XA)
(MVS)
Multiple Virtual Storage …
• MVS simulates several address spaces, each independent of the other and
representing an user, job or a OS subsystem.
• Mechanisms used to support MVS :
– Paging
– Swapping
Multiple Virtual Storage ...
Paging …
• Pages are 4K sections on virtual store
( DASD ).
• Page frames are 4K sections in real store ( main memory ).
• Page table maps pages to page frames.
• Page fault when program refers to data in a storage location not in real store.
Paging
• Page-in when MVS loads a new page into a page frame
• Page-out when data in a page-frame is written back to DASD.
• OS code responsible for paging cannot be paged out.
Expanded Storage:
• Acts as large buffer between real storage and page data sets ( virtual store ).
• Improves efficiency of virtual storage operations.
Swapping …
• Transfer of entire address spaces in and out of virtual store.
• Swapping is like paging, only at a higher level and across address spaces.
Swapping
Program modes
• Real mode
– not pageable or swappable
– OS part responsible for implementing virtual memory, always resident
• Virtual mode
– Other processes that can be paged or swapped
MVS/370-Memory map …
• System area
– OS programs & data, common to all address spaces, nucleus, real mode
• Private area
– User region + unallocated
• Common area
– OS programs & data, common to all address spaces
– SQA, PLPA and CSA
MVS/370 - Memory map ...
MVS/370 - Memory map
Storage map in an Address Space
• System area
– OS programs & data, common to all address spaces, nucleus, real mode
• Private area
– User region + unallocated
• Common area
– OS programs & data, common to all address spaces
Memory map - XA and ESA
• 31 bit addresses => 2 GB total

• First 16 MB can be addressed using either 24 or 31 bit addressing
– address space logically divided at 16 MB line
• No system area
– MVS nucleus combined with other OS data in common area
MVS/ESA - Dataspace
• ESA lets a job or user create one or more 2GB address spaces that can be
used to hold large amounts of data
• Contents of dataspaces managed directly by user programs
• Dataspaces reside in normal virtual store subject to paging and swapping.
Difference between Address space and Data space
Address space Data space

Contains instruction and data. Can contain only data. Even if program
is loaded in data space, it is considered
as data
Common areas and nucleus is mapped None of common areas and nucleus is
on Address space. mapped on data space.
An application can have only one An application can have access upto 7999
address space. data space, each the size of 2GB.
MVS/ESA - Hiperspace
• Similar to dataspaces
• Contents of hiperspaces managed by MVS/ESA and made available to
user programs in 4KB units
• Hiperspaces reside only in expanded storage and are never in real store
• Facilitates hiperbatch to improve performance of certain types of
batches
– hiperbatch transparent to JCL that invokes them
The differences between data spaces and Hiperspaces
Data Space Hiperspace
Access Access Registers MVS System Services
Addressability Byte 4 Kb Blocks
Storage Central, Expanded,

Expanded, Auxiliary
Auxiliary
Language Assembler Assembler and

Support High Level
Summary
• Introduction
– Comparison of computer types
• Personal, Mini & Mainframes
– Evolution of Mainframe hardware and software
– Distinguishing characteristics of a mainframe OS
– Basic Mainframe architecture
– I/O device structure
• Concepts & terminology

– Idea of address spaces
– Mechanisms in Multiple Virtual Storage
– MVS address space organizations
( Memory maps )
Thank You!

MVS LC SLIDES01 FP2005 Ver1.0

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MVS

• To introduce internals of MVS

• To introduce VSAM and non-VSAM data sets

• To introduce job management in MVS

• To introduce various subsystems and facilities

• To introduce TSO and ISPF

Component Marks Schedule

Mock Quiz Not Day 3

Module Test 100 Day 4

1. Robert. H. Johnson, MVS – Concepts and Facilities, McGraw-Hill Book

• Concepts & terminology

Personal Computer Mainframe Computer

Super Computer Mini Computer

. High Processing capacity

• OS/VS1 and SVS

A family of processors from IBM

• Unit record devices

• Magnetic tape devices

• Direct access devices

• 31 bit addresses => 2 GB total

Address space Data space

Data Space Hiperspace

Access Access Registers MVS System Services

Addressability Byte 4 Kb Blocks

Storage Central, Expanded,

Language Assembler Assembler and

• Concepts & terminology

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