Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
What kind of energy did it have to start with? What kinds of energy was this released as?
Use different types of food to calculate which will give the most energy
Results
Food Material Mass of food (g) Starting temperature of water (0C) Finishing temperature of water (0C) Temperature rise (0C)
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat
given amount of any substance always requires the same amount of energy to produce a particular increase in temperature.
of water needs..4.2 kJ to make its temperature rise by 1 oC
1000g
1000
Now
water (g)
temperature ( C)
Calorimeter
A:
Living Peas B: Dead Peas Burn a lighted splint in each gas jar.
1 Which type of energy does food contain? 2 What is this energy converted to by other organisms? Give at least 3 examples. (i) (ii) (iii) 3 What name is given to the process by which organisms release energy? 4 What kind of energy is always released in respiration?
Adenosine triphosphate
The
energy released during respiration is not used directly by cells. Instead it is used to make a molecule called ATP which stores the energy until it is needed.
ATP =
Adenosine triphosphate
supplies energy for all the processes that need it. For example:
movement chemical reactions growth.
Structure of ATP
adenosine
Pi
Pi
Pi
Formation of ATP
ATP is made when another molecule called
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is bonded to a third inorganic phosphate (Pi) using the energy released from glucose.
adenosine
Pi
Pi
Pi
Enzymes
adenosine
Pi
Pi
Pi
Summarised as:
ADP + Pi ATP
stores the energy in the third bond of the molecule energy is released when that bond is broken to release the third inorganic phosphate (Pi) .
The
adenosine
Pi
ATP
Pi
Pi
Enzymes
adenosine
Pi
ADP
Pi
Pi
Summary
ATP ATP
energy (out)
cellular respiration
cellular respiration
energy (out)
activities
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration = respiration with oxygen.
glucose + OXYGEN
glucose
splitting
In glycolysis, a glucose molecule is broken down into pyruvic acid. glucose energy released to make small quantity of ATP (2 molecules)
series of enzyme controlled reactions
pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid
36 ADP + 36 Pi = 36 ATP
1 and 2 release all the chemical energy in one molecule of glucose to make a total of 38 ATP molecules.
2 molecules ATP from glucose pyruvic acid 36 molecules ATP from pyruvic acid carbondioxide + water
In low oxygen conditions or during heavy exercise, when not enough oxygen can be supplied, muscle cells swap to anaerobic respiration
glucose
glycolysis still happens as it does not require oxygen
2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 ATP
pyruvic acid
A build up of lactic acid produces muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue makes muscles ache and contract less powerfully. A recovery period is needed. During this time more oxygen is taken in to convert the lactic acid back into pyruvic acid again. The volume of oxygen needed is called the oxygen
debt.
Summary
glucose
pyruvic acid
oxygen debt e.g. during hard exercise oxygen debt repaid during recovery time
lactic acid
The same process occurs in plants and yeast in low oxygen conditions, e.g. muddy, flooded soils.
2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 ATP
This time in absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is turned into carbon dioxide and ethanol
This is irreversible
yes yes
no yes
no yes
Glycolysis occurs
ATP yield
38ATP
yes
2ATP
no
2ATP
no Ethanol and carbon dioxide
End products
Task
Prepare
a series of PowerPoint slides which show the importance of anaerobic respiration in the brewing and bread-making processes. a couple of slides to show the role of anaerobic respiration in the production of cheese and yogurt.
[Pages 4 -14 of your textbook will help you with these tasks if you are finding it difficult to find information on the internet].
Prepare
http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.