COMP 312 Computer Communication Networking

Fall 2011

Outline
Course information What is network? A brief introduction to the Internet: past

and present Summary

Course Information
Instructor:
r r r

Dan Wang Assistant Professor, Computing Science E-mail: csdwang AT comp.polyu.edu.hk, Office: PQ708, Phone: 2766-7267 E-mail is the best way to communicate with me Zhen Chen, Liang Zhang Contact: Check webpage

TA
r r

Course Information
Time & Venue r Monday 6:30 9:30pm Y409 r Labs (M409, M410) and Tutorials (Y409) Webpage r http://www.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~csdwang

Course Information
Textbook r Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 4/e by Kurose and Ross Reference books r Computer Networks, by A. Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall r An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, S. Keshav, Addison-Wesley r And more (see Web) Resource r Find from homepage http://www.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~csdwang

Course Information
Textbook r Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 4/e by Kurose and Ross Why use this book ? r New content this is a fast-changing area r But more important, new structure and target

Top-down Featuring the Internet

What Are the Goals Of This Course?

Understand how network (in particular, the

Internet) works
r

Its applications r Its design philosophy r Its protocols and mechanisms

You know not only how to use a network, but know whats behind it
Have fun! r Are you happy with no Internet access in your life ? r Without the Internet, my computer is useless
7

What Will We Cover? (Tentative schedule)

Introduction r Internet architecture and design philosophy Applications
r

transport services r reliability; congestion control; transport protocols: TCP/UDP network services
r

HTTP/WWW, Email, DNS

link and physical layers r multiple access; Ethernet, FDDI, hubs and bridges
8

routing; network protocols: IP/IPv6

What Do You Need To Do?

Your prerequisites r algorithms: e.g., shortest path algorithms r basic programming: C/C++ or Java

Your workload r read the book, (exam questions have been and will be selected from the textbook) r homework assignments

basic concepts of operating systems

Our focus is not on network programming, its a byproduct

one in class mid-term exam, and one final exam

A few written assignments One programming project

Grading (tentative and subject to change!)

Written Homework Programming work Mid-term exam Final exam 20% 15% 20% 45%

Late policy: Late project is not accepted; homework is deducted

by (days^2)x10%, i.e., the deduction for the 1st, 2nd or 3rd day is 10%, 40%, 90%. Assignments that are delayed for 4 days or more are automatically marked 0

10

Questions?

Outline
Course information What is network? A brief introduction to the Internet: past

and present Summary

12

Q: What is Network?
Internet? Is the Internet the largest network on this

planet?
r

Telephone network r Postal service

Network: nodes -- Interconnected What is the objective of a network r Deliver something from one end to another efficiently

13

Outline
Course information What is network ? A brief introduction to the Internet past present Summary

14

A Brief History of the Internet

1957
r

USSR launches Sputnik, US formed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) as a response Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) was awarded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs) for ARPANET

1968
r

15

A Brief History of the Internet

1969 r ARPANET commissioned: 4 nodes, 50kbps

16

Initial Expansion of the ARPANET

Dec. 1969

July 1970

March 1971

Apr. 1972

Sep. 1972 17

Multiple Networks
1974: Initial design of TCP to connect multiple

networks 1986: NSF builds NSFNET as backbone, links 6 supercomputer centers, 56 kbps; this allows an explosion of connections, especially from universities 1987: 10,000 hosts 1989: 100,000 hosts

18

Web and Commercialization of the Internet

1991: NSF lifts restrictions on the commercial use

of the Net; World Wide Web released 1992: 1 million hosts Today: backbones run at 100Gbps, 700 millions computers in 150 countries

Internet history and Timeline

r

http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

19

Growth of the Internet in Terms of Number of Hosts

Number of Hosts on the 1,000,000,000 Internet: 100,000,000 Aug. 1981 213 10,000,000 Oct. 1984 1,024 1,000,000 100,000 Dec. 1987 28,174 10,000 Oct. 1990 313,000 1,000 Jul. 1993 1,776,000 100 Jul. 1996 19,540,000 10 Jul. 2000 93,047,000 1 Jul. 2002 162,128,493 1981 1984 1987 1990 19931996 1999 2002

20

Growth of Internet Hosts * Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002

250,000,000

Sept. 1, 2002
200,000,000

No. of Hosts

150,000,000

100,000,000

Dot-Com Bust Begins

50,000,000

0
9/ 69 01 /7 1 01 /7 3 01 /7 4 01 /7 6 01 /7 9 08 /8 1 08 /8 3 10 /8 5 11 /8 6 07 /8 8 01 /8 9 10 /8 9 01 /9 1 10 /9 1 04 /9 2 10 /9 2 04 /9 3 10 /9 3 07 /9 4 01 /9 5 01 /9 6 01 /9 7 01 /9 8 01 /9 9 01 /0 1 08 /0 2

Chart by William F. Slater, III

Time Period

The Internet was not known as "The Internet" until January 1984, at which time there were 1000 hosts that were all converted over to using TCP/IP.
Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA

21

Growth of the Internet in Terms of Number of Hosts

22

Internet Physical Infrastructure

Local/Regional ISP

Backbone: National ISP

Local/Regional ISP

Residential Access
r r r

Modem DSL Cable modem

Access to ISP,

Backbone transmission
r r

Internet Service

Providers
r

Campus network access

r r r

Ethernet FDDI Wireless

T1/T3, OC-3, OC-12 ATM, SONET, WDM

Local/Regional/Natio nal They exchange packets at Point of Presence (POP)

23

Local Access: ADSL

Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line

(ADSL)

24

Local Access: Cable Modems

Fiber node: 500 - 1K homes Distribution hub: 20K - 40 K homes Regional headend: 200 K - 400 K homes

25

From AT&T web site.

26

ATT Global Backbone IP Network

From http://www.business.att.com
27

Internet Pioneers
Vannevar Bush
(APARNet)

Claude Shannon
(Information theory)

Paul Baran
(Packet switching)

Leonard Kleinrock
(Pakcet switching)

Ted Nelson
(Hypertext)

Lawrence Roberts
(APARNet)

Vinton Cerf
(TCP/IP)

Robert Kahn
(TCP/IP)

Tim Berners-Lee
(WWW)

Mark Andreesen
(Mosaic/Netscape)

Microsoft, Google, BitTorrent, YouTube

28

Killer applications - Email

29

Killer applications - FTP

30

Killer applications WWW 1990-

31

Killer applications P2P 2000-

32

Killer applications- whats next ?

Media streaming (Internet TV) r YouTube E-commerce r Ebay, Amazon Online game r PS3, XBOX 360 Sensor networks

33

Why Internet ?
One of the most successful networks r Open r Heterogeneous
r

Simple network, complex end-terminals

Computer based End-to-end argument

Interconnects different networks

How about other networks? r Telephone r Mobile phone r Wireless LAN r Cable TV
34

Summary
Course information Network: nodes -> interconnected Internet: The past: r started as ARPANET: late 1960s r initial link bandwidth: 50 kbps r number of hosts: 4 Internet: Current:
r

number of hosts: grows at an exponential speed

millions
r

as of Sept 2009, 700

backbone speed: 100 Gbps

35