CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION. HYDRO POWER PLANT IN INDIA. WORKING.

ELEMENTS OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT.

CLASSIFICATION. TYPES OF TURBINES. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES. CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower. The production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.

HYDRO POWER PLANT IN INDIA

First Hydro Power Plant was constructed at Mysore in 1902 named as SHIVANASAMUDRA having capacity 4.5 MW. Second Hydro Power Plant was constructed at Maharashtra in 1914 named as KHOPOLO having capacity 50 MW.

The present installed capacity is 37,367 MW; 21.53% of total Electricity Generation in India.

WORKING

TURBINE & GENERATOR COMBINATION

ELEMENTS OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC
POWER PLANT

Storage Reservoir Spillway

Surge tank
Penstock Tail Race

CLASSIFICATION
Hydro-Electric power plants are classified according to: Availability of water head. Low Head. Medium Head. High Head Type of load they supply. Base Load. Peak Load.

TYPES OF TURBINE
Mainly water turbines are of three types: Pelton Wheel Specific Speed 10-50 rpm. Head above 200 m.

Francis Turbine Specific Speed 60-300 rpm. Head 30 m 200 m.

Kaplan Turbine

Specific Speed 300 1000 rpm. Head less than 30 m.

THE THREE GORGES DAM, CHINA (22,500 MW)

ADVANTAGES

No fuel charges.

Maintenance & operation charges are very low.

Running cost of the plant is low. The plant efficiency does not changes with age.

Takes few minutes to run & synchronize the plant.

No fuel transportation is required. No Pollution. Used for flood control & irrigation purpose. Long life.

DISADVANTAGES
Requires

large area.

Initial

cost is high.

Takes

long time for construction of Dam.

long transmission lines.

Requires

Power

generation mainly depends on rain.

CONCLUSION
Hydroelectric power was one of the first renewable sources of energy, and therefore the most developed currently. Overtime other renewable sources of energy will develop and become competitive, offering a wider variety of affordable renewable energy. Hydroelectrics market growth in the United States seems to have reached a plateau and is unlikely to see significant growth in the future.