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Idle Cranes
Cranes that have been idle, must be inspected and tested before being placed back in service using the criteria that applies to periodic inspection. Special attention should be given to the hook, lifting chain and wire rope.
Altered Cranes
Cranes that have been altered or repaired must be inspected and tested. If load sustaining parts are altered or repaired, a load test should be conducted to verify the rated load capacity of the crane. Report issued by a qualified person and kept on file.
Load Testing
When load testing, the test load cannot exceed 125 percent of the rated load. Hoists & cranes should be operated a number of times at various positions. Report issued by testing organization giving the conditions under which system was load tested.
Preventive Maintenance
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Clean & lube wire rope & chain Adjusting brakes Checking & filling gear cases levels Replacing any contaminated oils Lube bearings, gears, pinions, linkages, & shafts Adjusting operation of limit switches Clean & replace pitted/burned electrical contacts Cleaning or replacing air & fluid filters Inspecting all controls & warning systems
Lockout-Tagout
1. Review individual crane requirements 2. Integrate lockout & maintenance requirements 3. Lockout-tagout training 4. Written program established & reviewed 5. Ask manufacturer for lockout device recommendations 6. Devices not always interchangeable between different cranes
DANGER LOCKED OUT
DONT OPERATE
This Lock/Tag may only be removed by NAME: __________ DEPT : __________ COMPLETION DATE: ___________ TIME: ____________
2 TON
DANGER
WORKING CRANES
Fatalgram
The feeder was lowered to the ground, resting in an unsecured position. The feeder rolled on its side, pinning the victim against the wall of an adjacent control booth.
Fatalgram
The employee was in the process of loading a conveyor onto the trailer of his truck using the truck's crane. The cable attached to the conveyor slipped off the hook of the crane causing the conveyor to bounce off the trailer and crush the victim who was standing between the crane and the trailer. He died from crushing injuries.
Load Chart
Operator Requirements
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. No history of unsafe acts in workplace Mature & safe attitude Ability to react quickly in an emergency Drug & alcohol free Good depth perception Good hearing and vision Thoroughly trained Understand lift requirements No medication that will interfere with operation
Safe Practices
1. Test controls & brakes at start of shift 2. Dont operate unsafe cranes or hoists 3. Test brakes by a short lift to ensure control 4. Move loads only after being signaled by designated, qualified signaler
Safe Practices
1. Never carry loads over anyone 2. Never carry loads past anyone 3. Signalers in line-of-sight of operator 4. No riders on loads or hooks 5. No unauthorized person operating crane 6. Lockout before maintenance or repairs 7. Frequently inspect cranes
Safe Practices
1. Hook directly over load before lifting 2. Document & maintain inspection records 3. Check warning devices & signals 4. Signalers must watch load 5. Operators must watch signalers 6. Know travel path in advance of lift 7. Know where to set down load 8. Will new location support weight
Fatalgram
The employee was using a truck equipped with a hydraulic boom to position a tire on the hub of a caterpillar loader. The tire fell off the hook and struck the employee on his head and neck.
Fatalgram
Three steel plates weighing nearly 6,000 pounds were tied together by one nylon strap. They were lifted about 5 feet by a crane in order to slide a second strap around them. The truck driver walked under the suspended load, and at that moment, the strap around the steel plates broke. The plates fell striking the victim. He died from head injuries.
Fatalgram
A cement take-up pulley weight for a conveyer was being lifted into position by a crane. To lift the weight, straps were attached to four pins that had been set into the cement weight. The employee was riding on the 3,000 pound weight as it was being lifted. One of the pins pulled out of the weight causing the employee to lose his balance and fall 35 feet to the ground. He died from sustained injuries.
Leaving or Parking
1. Raise hooks to limit switches 2. Place controls in off position 3. Place main power switch in off position 4. Visual check for dangerous conditions 5. Report defects immediately 6. Tagout defective equipment immediately 7. Report cranes not in operation 8. Follow manufacturers recommendations.
Lifting Factors
1. Size, weight, & center of gravity of load 2. Number of sling legs 3. Angle sling makes with horizontal line 4. Rated capacity of sling 5. History of care & usage of sling
Capacity of Sling
1. Rated capacity varies depending upon type of sling, size of sling, & type of hitch 2. Consult with manufacturer 3. Older slings must be used with additional caution 4. Sling charts based on new sling usage.
Chain Inspection
Remove from service if:
1. Defective or questionable welds 2. Bending or elongation of chain links 3. Cracked or deformed links 4. Missing or removed identification tags 5. End attachments cracked, deformed, worn 6. Other suspected unsafe conditions
Slings Storage
1. Dry environment, out of sunlight 2. Off floor or ground 3. Hung from hooks to prevent tangling and easy access 4. Away from electrical sources 5. By type - dont mix steel chain slings with synthetics 6. In a controlled area
Sling Angles
Consult with the sling manufacturer concerning how sling angles affect load capacities for different types of slings.
1000lb
1000lb
1000lb
Sling Angles
1. Angle of sling affects sling load capacity 2. Greater sling angle, greater stress 3. Multiple sling affects load capacity 4. Type of sling used is a factor 5. Consult with manufacturer for proper usage.
1000lb 1000lb
1000lb
Two Slings
The use of two 500lbs slings, each supporting the same amount of weight and having the same support angle results in equal distribution of the load weight.
500lbs
1000lb
0 Angle
Sling Angles
Sling Angle With Vertical
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 80
30
1000lb
30 Angle
Sling Angles
707lbs
707lbs 1000lbs 1000lbs
1000lb
45 Angle
1000lb
60 Angle
Sling Angles
The carrying capacity decreases as the spread between the slings increases. To determine the capacity of each sling in a bridle hitch:
A
1.
Measure the distance on one sling for the same number of units as the capacity of the sling in tons (Distance A). 2. Measure the vertical distance from the point located in to the load in tons. (Distance B). 3. The number of units in this vertical distance (B) is the working load for the sling.
Sling Angles
A B
A = 2 ft. (or any unit) (2 Ton Sling Capacity) B = 1.5 ft. Working Capacity of Each Sling = 1.5 Tons Note: The individual sling capacity must be more than half of the total load weight
Protecting Slings
HAND SIGNALS
Hoist load:
1. Forearm vertical 2. Forefinger pointing up 3. Move hand in small horizontal circular motion
HAND SIGNALS
Lower load:
1. Arm downward 2. Forefinger pointing down 3. Move hand in small horizontal circular motion
HAND SIGNALS
Boom Travel:
1. Arm extended forward 2. Hand open and slightly raised 3. Make pushing motion in the direction of travel
HAND SIGNALS
Stop:
1. Arm extended 2. Palm down 3. Move arm sideways, rapidly back & forth
HAND SIGNALS
Emergency stop:
1. Both arms extended 2. Palms down 3. Move both arms sideways rapidly back & forth
Protective Equipment
1. Appropriate for the particular hazards 2. Maintained in good condition 3. Properly stored when not in use 4. Kept clean, fully functional, and sanitary