"Management as a social management control

Basic questions of lecture:

1.Management as a system. 2.The concept of management, its nature and characteristic features. 3.Goals and objectives of management. 4. Subject of course, its structure, goals and objectives. Connection of course with other disciplines.

Management is:

the process of coordinating and integrating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people;

Management functions and management process as detailed below:

Planning: determining organizational goals and the means for achieving them Organizing: deciding where decisions will be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom Leading: inspiring and motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals Controlling: monitoring progress towards goal achievement and taking corrective action when needed

Good managers are those who assure themselves to perform these functions well
I. New-style or 21st century managers are changing the way they perform these functions, thinking of themselves more like mentors, coaches, team leaders, or internal consultants. II. They work with anyone who can help them accomplish their goals rather than only following the chain of command. They ask others to participate in making decisions and share information with others. III. New-style managers perform four functions that have evolved out of the traditional functions: making things happen; meeting the competition; organizing people, projects, and processes; and leading.

What is management system?

A management system is a proven framework for managing and continually improving your organization's policies, procedures and processes.

THE CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT, ITS NATURE AND CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES

The main concepts of management are as follows:

Functional Concept: According to this concept 'management is what a manager does'. The man followers of this concept are Louis Allen, George R. Terry, Henry Fayol, E.F.L. Brech, James L. Lundy, Koontz and O. Donnel, G.E Milward, mcfarland etc.

The functional concept as given by some of the authors is given below:

I. Louis Allen, "Management is what a manager does." II. James L. Lundy, " Management is principally the task of planning, coordinating, motivating and controlling the effort of others towards a specific objective. Management is what management does. It is the task of planning, executing and controlling." III. George R. Terry, "Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, activating and controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objective by the use of human beings and other resources." IV. Howard M. Carlisle, "Management is defined as the process by which the elements of a group are integrated, coordinated and/or utilized so as to effectively and efficiently achieve organizational objectives." V. Henry Fayol, "To manage is to forecast, and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control."

'Getting Things Done Through Others' Concept:

According to this concept, 'Management is the art of getting things done through others'. It is very narrow and traditional concept of management. The followers of this concept are Koontz and O Donnell, Mooney and Railey, Lawrence A. Appley, S. George, Mary Parker Follet etc. Under this concept, the workers are treated as a factor of production only and the work of the manager is confined to taking work from the workers. He need not do any work himself. Modern management experts do not agree with this concept of management.

Leadership and Decision-making Concept:

According to this concept, "management is an art and science of decision-making and leadership." Most of the time of managers is consumed in taking decisions. Achievement of objects depends on the quality of decisions. Similarly, production and productivity both can be increased by efficient leadership only. Leadership provides efficiency, coordination and continuity in an organization.

Productivity Concept:
According to this concept, "management is an art of increasing productivity." Economists treat management as an important factor of production. According to them, "Management is also a factor of production like land, labor, capital and enterprise." The main followers of this concept of management are John F. Mee, Marry Cushing Niles, F.W. Taylor etc.

Universality Concept:
According to this concept, "Management is universal". Management is universal in the sense that it is applicable anywhere whether social, religious or business and industrial. The followers of this concept are Henry Fayol, Lawrence A. Appley, F.W. Taylor, Theo Haimann etc.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT

The main objectives of management are:

Getting Maximum Results with Minimum Efforts - The main objective of management is to secure maximum outputs with minimum efforts & resources. Management is basically concerned with thinking & utilizing human, material & financial resources in such a manner that would result in best combination. This combination results in reduction of various costs. Increasing the Efficiency of factors of Production - Through proper utilization of various factors of production, their efficiency can be increased to a great extent which can be obtained by reducing spoilage, wastages and breakage of all kinds, this in turn leads to saving of time, effort and money which is essential for the growth & prosperity of the enterprise.

Maximum Prosperity for Employer & Employees Management ensures smooth and coordinated functioning of the enterprise. This in turn helps in providing maximum benefits to the employee in the shape of good working condition, suitable wage system, incentive plans on the one hand and higher profits to the employer on the other hand. Human betterment & Social Justice - Management serves as a tool for the upliftment as well as betterment of the society. Through increased productivity & employment, management ensures better standards of living for the society. It provides justice through its uniform policies.

Nature of management can be highlighted as:

Management is Goal-Oriented: The success of any management activity is accessed by its achievement of the predetermined goals or objective. Management is a purposeful activity. It is a tool which helps use of human & physical resources to fulfill the pre-determined goals. Management integrates Human, Physical and Financial Resources: In an organization, human beings work with non-human resources like machines. Materials, financial assets, buildings etc. Management integrates human efforts to those resources. It brings harmony among the human, physical and financial resources.

Management is Continuous: Management is an ongoing process. It involves continuous handling of problems and issues. It is concerned with identifying the problem and taking appropriate steps to solve it. E.g. the target of a company is maximum production. Management is all Pervasive: Management is required in all types of organizations whether it is political, social, cultural or business because it helps and directs various efforts towards a definite purpose. Thus clubs, hospitals, political parties, colleges, hospitals, business firms all require management. Management is a Group Activity: Management is very much less concerned with individuals efforts. It is more concerned with groups. It involves the use of group effort to achieve predetermined goal.

SUBJECT OF COURSE, ITS STRUCTURE, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. CONNECTION OF COURSE WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES.

Why Study Management?

Management is important for our society, industry and government organizations. The importance of studying management can be explained by looking at the way we interact with organizations every day in our lives. Every product we use, every service we receive, and every action we take is provided or affected by organizations. These organizations require managers. Modern management ensures to create competitive advantage through People.