Ch 6 ercept|on

lf we undersLand how oLher people percelve Lhe

world we wlll be beLLer off
tor|es
8oad 8age
2 SupermarkeL
3 lsLol eLe
ercept|on
1 ercept|on Lhe process of selecLlng organlzlng and
lnLerpreLlng sensory lnformaLlon enabllng us Lo recognlze
meanlngful ob[ecLs and evenLs
2 8ottomUp rocess|ng analysls LhaL beglns wlLh Lhe sense
recepLors and works up Lo Lhe braln's lnLegraLlon of sensory
lnformaLlon
3 1opDown rocess|ng lnformaLlon processlng gulded by our
experlence and expecLaLlons
Jr|te a 1|t|e for th|s |cture
ct|v|t|es
Seal and Lhe ballroom
2 Amblguous lcLures"
3 My SLudenL's Lssay
ttent|on and ercept|on
1 e|ect|ve ttent|on aL any momenL awareness focusses on
only a llmlLed aspecL of all LhaL we are capable of
experlenclng
a we can only experlence one sLlmulus aL a Llme
b cocktoll potty effecL Lhe ablllLy Lo aLLend Lo one volce
among many enables us Lo converse coherenLly ln
Lhe mldsL of audlLory chaos
- hear a baby hear your name ln a crowd
ct|v|ty 1 Necker Cube
ct|v|ty 2 p|nn|ng Joman
hLLp//wwwmollluslonscom/2007/06/splnnlng
slhoueLLeopLlcalllluslonhLml
ther ct|v|t|es
Pldden lcLures
- lleld dependenL some people have dlfflculLy locaLlng Lhe slmple
flgures hldden wlLhln Lhe more complex surroundlngs Lhey
are caughL up ln Lhe foresL
soclal sclences and educaLlon orlenLed Loward oLhers seek
advlce llke soclal slLuaLlons prefer Lo be physlcally close Lo
oLhers
- lleld lndependenL some qulckly flnd Lhe smaller flgure)
naLural sclences maLh and englneerlng funcLlon wlLh
auLonomy and demonsLraLe a more deLached orlenLaLlon
Loward oLhers
2 Puman Larphones
- can only focus on one sLory aL a Llme however may sLlll
hear/remember cerLaln aspecLs (gender of speaker Lone ln
volce name eLc)
ttent|on and ercept|on (cont)
2 nattent|ona| b||ndness lack of awareness (when focused on
anoLher sLlmulus)
- example LlLLle man and 1v
ct|v|ty
ConversaLlon
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/php
seLLlng ln Lhe back changes
2 CounL Pow Many asses
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/24php
3 SLlll lcLure Changes
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/php
grass on Lhe rlghL changes color
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/2php
bulldlng ls added on Lhe lefL
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/3php
waLer on Lhe boLLom rlghL goes away
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/4php
Lable dlsappears on boLLom rlghL
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/3php
leLLers on Lhe wall on lefL dlsappear
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/8php
glrls shlrL goes plnk
hLLp//vlscogbeckmanllllnolsedu/flashmovle/9php
wall Lurns color
erceptua| ||us|ons
llluslons mlslead us by playlng on Lhe ways we Lyplcally
organlze and lnLerpreL our sensaLlons and Lhus
undersLandlng llluslons provldes valuable clues Lo Lhe
ordlnary mechanlsms of percepLlon
2 V|sua| capture when Lhere ls a confllcL beLween vlslon and
oLher sensaLlons vlslon usually domlnaLes
- when Lhe mouLh and words don'L maLch up on 1v we Lhlnk
Lhere ls a problem wlLh audlo
JundtIastrow ||us|on
Jh|ch ||ne |s |onger?
s ||ne 8 h|gher |ower or same
|eve| as ||ne ?
A
8
,u||er Lyer ||us|on
V erceptua| rgan|zat|on
A Crouplng" ercepLlon
Gesta|t a Cerman word meanlng a form"
or Whole"
2 we sense sLlmull as a whole
3 we organlze Lhlngs lnLo meanlngful groups
Cambr|dge tudy
Can you raed Llhs?
l cdnuolL blvelee LahL l cluod aulaclLy uesdnaLnrd wahL l
was rdanleg 1he phaonmneal pweor of Lhe hmuan mnld
aoccdrnlg Lo a rscheearch aL Cmabrlgde ulnervLlsy lL dsenoL
mLaeLr ln wahL oerdr Lhe lLLeres ln a wrod are Lhe olny
lproamLnL Llhng ls LahL Lhe frslL and lsaL lLLeer be ln Lhe
rghlL pclae
1he rseL can be a LaoLl mses and you can slLll raed lL whoLulL
a pboerlm 1lhs ls bcuseae Lhe huamn mnld deos noL raed
ervey lLeLer by lsLlef buL Lhe wrod as a wlohe Azanmlg
huh? yaeh and l awlyas LghuhoL slpellng was lpmoranLL!
lf you can raed Llhs forwrad lL
Gesta|t r|nc|p|es
Gesta|t r|nc|p|es (cont)
Closure
Group|ng rob|ems
4 AlLhough grouplng usually helps us
someLlmes lL leads us asLray
8 Iorm ercept|on
1 I|gureground when
we percelve any ob[ecL
(flgure) as dlsLlncL
from lLs surroundlngs
(ground)
2 WhaL do you see?
CannoL see boLh aL Lhe
same Llme!
Jhat do you see?
Jhat do you see?
Jhat do you see?
Jhat do you see?
Jhat do you see?
Jhat do you see?
Jhat do you see?
ow many |egs does th|s e|ephant
have?
Jhat do you see?
I|gure Ground
,C Lscher 1esse||at|on
I|gure Ground kea| L|fe Lxamp|es
Jh|ch way are the cubes go|ng?
C 8|nocu|ar Cues
(requ|re |nfo from both eyes)
1 Depth percept|on Lhe ablllLy Lo see ob[ecLs ln Lhree dlmenslons
alLhough Lhe lmages LhaL sLrlke Lhe eye are Lwo dlmenslonal
- lL allows us Lo [udge Llme
- V|sua| c||ff a mlnlaLure cllff wlLh a dropoff covered by sLurdy glass
Shows LhaL depLh percepLlon ls lnnaLe
AcLlvlLy
CaLchlng a ball wlLh eye
2 Close one eye Lhen Lry Lo Louch your flngers
LogeLher really fasL
C 8|nocu|ar Cues (cont)
2 ket|na| D|spar|ty Lhe braln compuLes Lhe relaLlve dlsLance
of an ob[ecL by comparlng Lhe sllghLly dlfferenL lmages an
ob[ecL casLs on our Lwo reLlnas 1he greaLer Lhe dlsLance
Lhe closer Lhe ob[ecL musL be
C 8|nocu|ar Cues (cont)
3 Convergence Lhe braln calculaLes Lhe degree of neuromuscular
sLraln when our Lwo eyes Lurn lnward Lo look aL a nearby ob[ecL 1he
greaL Lhe sLraln Lhe closer Lhe ob[ecL
AcLlvlLy
Maglc Lye when you vlew Lhe plcLure dlrecLly Lhere ls no reLlnal
dlsparlLy Powever lf one focuses Lhrough Lhe lmage so LhaL Lhe flxaLlon
polnL ls behlnd Lhe plane of Lhe plcLure reLlnal dlsparlLy produces a 3u
lmage
D ,onocu|ar Cues
(requ|res |nfo from on|y 1 eye)
8elaLlve slze Lhe small lmage of Lwo ob[ecLs of Lhe same
slze appears more dlsLanL
D ,onocu|ar Cues (cont)
2 lnLerposlLlon Lhe nearby ob[ecLs parLlally obsLrucL our vlew
of more dlsLanL ob[ecLs
D ,onocu|ar Cues (cont)
3 8elaLlve clarlLy hazler ob[ecLs appear more dlsLanL
D ,onocu|ar Cues (cont)
4 1exLure gradlenL a gradual change Lo a less dlsLlncL LexLure
suggesLs lncreaslng dlsLance
D ,onocu|ar Cues (cont)
3 8elaLlve PelghL hlgher ob[ecLs are farLher away
D ,onocu|ar Cues (cont)
6 Llnear erspecLlve Lhe converglng of parallel llnes lndlcaLed
greaLer dlsLance
D ,onocu|ar Cues (cont)
7 LlghL and shadow dlmmer ob[ecLs seem more dlsLanL
D ,onocu|ar Cues (cont)
8 8elaLlve MoLlon ob[ecLs LhaL move slower are farLher away
rt
pt|ca| ||us|ons
(mess|ng w|th monocu|ar cues)
,oon ||us|on
- Moon appears larger on Lhe horlzon
L ,ot|on ercept|on
8aslc assumpLlon shrlnklng ob[ecLs are reLreaLlng and
enlarglng ob[ecLs are approachlng
2 troboscop|c movement a rapld serles of sllghLly varylng
lmages wlll be percelved as conLlnuous movemenL
- fllp books
3 h| phenomenon when Lwo or more ad[acenL llghLs bllnk
on and off ln successlon lL appears as Lhough Lhere ls
movemenL
- llghLed slgns glve Lhls effecL wlLh a movlng arrow
L erceptua| Constancy
1 erceptua| constancy enables us Lo see an ob[ecL as
unchanglng (havlng conslsLenL llghLness color shape and
slze) even as lllumlnaLlon and reLlnal lmages change
a shape consLancy
b slze consLancy
c llghL consLancy
d color consLancy
e llluslons moon llluslon mullerlyer dlsLorLed room
ct|v|ty
Move a hand back ln forLh ln fronL of your head (no change)
- SLare aL your flnger on Lhe opposlLe hand and do Lhe same
(when reLlna ls focused on anoLher ob[ecL Lhe eye ls noL
compensaLlng for Lhe change ln slze)
2 Color consLancy argyle
I ensory Depr|vat|on and
erceptua| daptat|on
1 ensory Depr|vat|on when we lose a sense for a perlod of
Llme lL wlll be dlfflculL Lo ad[usL lf we geL lL back
2 erceptua| daptat|on ln vlslon Lhe ablllLy Lo ad[usL Lo an
lnverLed fleld (loss of depLh percepLlon)
V erceptua| nterpretat|on
A ercepLual SeL
1 erceptua| et a menLal predlsposlLlon Lo percelve one
Lhlng and noL anoLher
- works wlLh Lop down processlng
ct|v|ty
ercepLual SeL AcLlvlLles
V erceptua| nterpretat|on (cont)
8 chemas concepLs LhaL we form Lhrough experlence whlch
organlze and lnLerpreL unfamlllar lnformaLlon
- help us see" monsLers ulC's SanLa
V erceptua| nterpretat|on (cont)
C Context Lffects a glven sLlmulus may Lrlgger radlcally
dlfferenL percepLlons parLly because of our dlfferenL
schemas buL also because of Lhe lmmedlaLe conLexL
- we can Lell Lhe dlfferenL beLween mornlng" and
mournlng" dependlng on Lhe conLexL clues
- besL comedlans use Lhe power of conLexL effecLs (Lhey Lake
you one way Lhen go anoLher)
V Lxtrasensory ercept|on
3 1ypes of L
- re CognlLlon percelvlng fuLure evenLs
- Clalrvoyance percelvlng remoLe evenLs
- 1elepaLhy mlndLomlnd communlcaLlon
2 8esearch does nC1 supporL Lhe ldea of LS
AcLlvlLy
l can guess your card before you even plck lL
2 newspaper acLlvlLy
3 l can guess whaL you're Lhlnklng
4 8esL Maglc 1rlck Lver
1L LND!