Java Programming

Java Basics

Contents

Background Java Virtual Machine Application & Applet Class & Object 3 Principles of Object Oriented Programming Start up Java Variables & Assign String & Character Arithmetic Operator & Expression Comment Array Keywords

Background / History

Sun Microsystems Inc. James Gosling

1990, Green Project 1991, Develop the Language for Household Products => To General Developing Language
Java James Gosling, Arthur Van Hoff, Andy Bechtolsheim Coffee Materials in Indonesia Write once, Run everywhere Spread Rapidly through WWW and Internet

Byte Code and Java Virtual Machine

Existing Development Environment

Binary File Compiler(Pentium)

Pentium
Binary File

Source Code
Compiler(PowerPC)

PowerPC
Binary File

%cc Hello.c o Hello % Hello

Run

Compiler(SPARC)
Binary Code
4

SPARC

Byte Code and Java Virtual Machine

Java Development Environment

Java Interpreter
Java Compiler

(Pentium) Java Code

Java Compiler Java ByteCode

Pentium
Java Interpreter

(Independent on Platform)

(PowerPC)
%javac Hello.java
Hello.class created

PowerPC
Java Interpreter

% java Hello
Run JVM Byte Code

Java Compiler

SPARC

(SPARC)
5

Java Program

Java Application Program Application Program written in general programming language

Applet Program running in Web Browser Environment Can be viewed by appletviewer or Web browser with JVM

Class and Object

Object Memory Space to Define State and Operation Instance of Class Class Template of Creating Object

3 Principles of Object Oriented Programming

Encapsulation Control Access the data and method in program code Inheritance Inherit the data and methods of parent class Polymorphism
Shape
getArea() Shape Obj = new Ellipse(); Obj.getArea();

Ellipse

Rectangle

Triangle
Which Area?
getArea()

getArea()

getArea()

Java Class Library

java.applet : Applet related java.awt : Abstract Window Toolkit java.awt.event : Event process from awt component java.awt.image : Image processing java.beans : JavaBeans Component java.io : File or Network I/O Support java.lang : Java Language Support java.net : Network related functions java.util : Utility function

Java 2 SDK

Java 2 Software Development Kit (Java 2 SDK) Java Application or Applet Development and Running Environment Java 2 Runtime Environment (JRE) Java Running Environment Java 2 Standard Edition Java 2 Micro Edition Java 2 Enterprise Edition

10

Java Program Structure

In the Java programming language: A program is made up of one or more classes A class contains one or more methods A method contains program statements These terms will be explored in detail throughout the course A Java application always contains a method called main

11

Java Program Structure

// comments about the class

public class MyProgram { class header

class body

Comments can be placed almost anywhere

12

Java Program Structure

// comments about the class

public class MyProgram { // comments about the method

public static void main (String[] args)

{ method body
}

method header

13

Start Java Application

Java
Class Name

C
hello.c void main() { printf(Hello World\n); }

Main Function

Hello.java Main method class Hello { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(Hello World); }

% javac Hello.java

Compile

% cc hello.c o hello

% java Hello

Run

% hello

Result

Hello World

14

Variable and Assign

Variable Type char boolean byte short int long float double

16bits Unicode character data Boolean Variable 8 bits signed integer 16 bits signed integer 32 bits signed integer 64 bits signed integer 32 bits signed floating point number 64 bits signed floating point number

15

Variable and Assign

Variable Declaration type varName; Value assign varName = value; int num = 100; long m = 21234234L double type : .5 0.8 9e-2 -9.3e-5 float type : 1.5e-3f; float x, y, x;

16

String and Character

String : sequence of character String s = Enter an integer value: ; Char c = A; Unicode Concatenation Operator +

String s = Lincoln said: + \ Four score and seven years ago\ ;

Result :
Lincoln said: Four score and seven years ago

17

Arithmetic Operator

Operators + - * / % += -= *= /= %= ++ -5/2 2 Why isnt it 2.5 ? 5%2 1 4/2 2 4%2 0 count * num + 88 / val 19 % count j += 6; j = j + 6;

18

Comment

Single Line Comment int i = 10 ; // i is counter Multiple Line Comment /* Some comments */ Documentation Comment /** Documentation Comment */

Using javadoc Tool, make document

19

Arrays ( One Dimensional)

Definition of One Dimensional Array
type VarName[]
int ia[];

Assign Range to One Dimensional Array

varName = new type[size]
ia = new int[10];

Declaration of One Dimensional Array with Range

type varName[] = new type[size]
int ia[] = new int[10];

20

Arrays ( One Dimensional)

Number of elements in Array
varName.length

Initialization of One Dimensional Array

Type varName[] = {e0, , en};
int j[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

int k[];
K = j;

Example 1.15

21

Arrays ( Multi-Dimensional)
Definition of Two Dimensional Array
type VarName[][];
float fa[][];

Assign Range to Two Dimensional Array

varName = new type[size1][size2];
fa = new float[2][3];

Declaration of Two Dimensional Array with Range

type varName[][] = new type[size1][size2];
float fa[] = new float[2][3];

22

Arrays ( Two Dimensional)

Number of elements in Multi-Dimensional Array
varName.length
Number of Raw

Number of elements in Each elements of Multi-Dimensional Array

varName[index].length

Initialization of Multi-Dimensional Array

Type varName[][] = {{e00, , e0n}, {e10,,e1y}, {e20, , e2z}};

Example 1.16

23

Java Keywords

47 Java Keywords abstract boolean break byte case catch char class const* continue default do

double else extends final finally float for goto* if implements import instanceof

int interface long native new package private protected public return short static

super switch synchronized this throw throws transient* try void volatile while

24