Masters of Invention & Innovation

They All Started Small

Steve Sanazaro Innovators & Entrepreneurs

Al-Khawarizmi Invents Algebra

Algebra is derived from the operation al-jabr that AlKhawarizmi used to solve quadratic equations 780 850 CE

Early Pioneers

Blaise Pascal and his Pascaline Caluculator

Leibnitz ~ 1820 binary numbers,

Charles Babbage (1791-1871) & his Difference Engine 1st Programmable Calculator

Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace 1815-1852 1st Programmer

Jacquard 1752-1834 Punch Cards to Control Looms

John von Neuman Contemporary Computer Architecture Alan Turing 1912-1954 1st John Atanasoff Electronic Computer 1937-1942 3

Described How to Program Babbages Computer

Charles Babbage, 1860
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Ada, Countess of Lovelace, 1815-1852 1st Program: a design to use Babbages Analytical Engine To calculate Bernoulli numbers
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June 9, 1838 sketch of Babbage decimal counting apparatus

Source: the Science Museum

Babbages Notebooks
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Boolean Logic : The Father of 1s & 0s

George Boole 1815-1864

Hollerith and the Tabulating Machine

Where HP Began in 1939

David Packard & Bill Hewlett

367 Addison, Palo Alto, CA

Bletchley Park Overview

Credit photos to David Blaikie and others photostream on Flickr

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Bletchley Park Manor

Most of the real work was done in a sprawling set of huts around the grounds. The administrators worked here.
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Bletchley Park Enigma Machine

Abwehr Enigma Machine G312

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Another Enigma Machine at Bletchley Park

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Enigma Rotors Munich Museum

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Enigma Code Book

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Rebuild of the Original Bletchley Bombe

Originally built by seminal computer genius Alan Turing and mathematician Gordon Welchman in 1940 to break the Enigma codes. Many English and Polish mathematicians labored to unravel the German codes and to develop the code-breaking algorithms. In 1942, the Germans added a fourth rotor, necessitating a new code breaking strategy. A US engineer working at National Cash Register Company named Joe Desch, created a 2.5 ton machine called the Desch Bombe to accomplish the feat.
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The Desch Bombe 1943

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Details of Turing Bombe Rebuild

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Back of Turing Bombe Rebuild

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Bombe Machine to Test Decryption Accuracy

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Alan Turing Founder of Modern Computer Science

In the mid-1930s he conceived of a device that could read symbolic instructions and carry them out a distinct departure form the analog devices of the day. In transforming his mathematical concept s into a functioning machine in 1940, Turing passed from visionary to inventor and innovator. Everyone who works with computers owes a debt of gratitude to Alan Turing.

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1st All-Electronic Computer: Atanasoff-Berry

1937-1942 For linear equations only and was not programmablebut its technology was used was used by Mauchly to develop the Eniac computer. After a nasty court fight, the patent was awarded to Atanasoff. KEEP GOOD NOTES.
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Mauchly & Eniac

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Heinz von Foerster & Illiac

Illiac I - 1952

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Illiac 1 University of Illinois - 1952

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Watson Jr & the IBM 360

Nicholas Wirth Programming Language Pioneer (Euler, Algol-W, Pascal, Modula, and Oberon)

IBM 360 - 1964

Ernest Bloch Solid State Technology Pioneer IBM 360 Bob Evans widow, Maria The IBM 360 Visionary & Project Manager Euler, AlgolW, Pascal, Modula, and Oberon
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2001: A Space Odyssey

HAL 9000 1968

Envisioning advanced computers as physically large
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Early Networked Computing: Datapoint

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Apple Computer circa 1975

Steve Wozniak Holding Apple I Motherboard

Apple I Computer, 1976 About 200 produced

Apple II Computer, 1977

Where Steve Jobs & & Steve Wozniak lived while developing the Apple I 2066 Crist Drive, Los Altos, CA

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Microsofts First 11 Employees - 1978, Albuquerque, NM

Microsofts First Office 8th Floor Albuquerque, NM

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Microsofts First Product

Ed Roberts MITS Founder

The MITS Altair 8800 - 1975

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IBM PC 5150 - 1981

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Mr. Ctrl-Alt-Del

David Bradley, IBM

Creator of Crl-Alt-Del sequence (and the original IBM PC BIOS)

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SUN Microsystems Founders, 1982

Vinod Khosla, Bill Joy, Andreas Bechtolsheim, and Scott McNealy.

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Novell 1st Widely Popular LAN OS

Proprietary and buggy communications stack SPX/IPX Engaged in debilitating war with Microsoft Eric Schmidt was CEO just prior to accepting CEO position at Google

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Early Portable Computing: Osborne Computer

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Dr. Doug Engelbart

National Medal of Technology, the United States' highest technology honor, recognizes innovators who have made lasting contributions to enhancing America's competitiveness and standard of living and whose solid science has resulted in commercially successful products and services. Computing pioneer and SRI's Senior Technical Adviser Emeritus, Dr. Doug Engelbart, received the 2000 National Medal of Technology for the work he led in advancing computer science during his tenure at SRI. Doug and his team created many of the concepts and tools that set the global computer revolution in motion. His vision and work in the 1960s resulted in the computer mouse, hypertext linking, real-time text editing, online journals, sharedscreen teleconferencing and remote collaboration technology. Doug was also a key contributor to the early formation of the ARPANET community and the founding of the Network Information Center (NIC). His work is the foundation of personal computing and the Internet. 37

Texas Instruments

Jack Kilbys 1st Integrated Circuit, 1960

GSI Founders, 1941 John Erik Jonsson, Eugene McDermott, Cecil H. Green and Dr. Henry Bates Peacock

Jack Kilby & His Notebook

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Jack Kilbys work in the late 1950s on the integrated circuit paved the way for the modern computing era. The Nobel Prize-winning engineer developed one of the first integrated circuits, a collection of transistors organized to work on computing tasks. Kilby and TI built an integrated circuit in 1958, and filed for a patent for the device in 1959, a few months before Intel Corp. co-founder Robert Noyce also filed for an integrated circuit patent while employed by Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. Fairchild and TI eventually settled their legal differences over the creation of the first integrated circuit and cross-licensed their technologies, allowing the semiconductor industry to flourish. But Kilby was also responsible for several other groundbreaking inventions while employed by TI, including a handheld electronic calculator and a thermal printer, TI said in a release. Jack was one of the true pioneers of the semiconductor industry, said TI President and Chief Executive Officer Rich Templeton, in the release. Every engineer, myself included, owes no small part of their livelihood to the work Jack Kilby did here at Texas Instruments. He was also a professor at Texas A&M University from 1978 to 1984. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for his contributions to the development of the integrated circuit.
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Intels Founders

The founders of Intel posing with a rubylith of the 8080 CPU in 1978. From left to right: Andy Grove, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore. (Image courtesy of Intel Corporation.)

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Al Shugart disk storage pioneer, Entrepreneur, Silicon Valley original

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Admiral Grace Hopper (1906-1992)

Inventor of the Term Computer Bug

Mother of COBOL

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Unix Inventors - 1969

Ken Thompson

Dennis Ritchie

Unix Inventors - 1969

Linus Torvalds Linux - 1991
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Berkeley BSD csh vi Unix-IP Meld - SUN OS

Bill Joy
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Larry Ellison

1985

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Some of the Real Inventors of the Internet 1969

Truett Thach, Bill Bartell, Dave Walden, Jim Geisman, Bob Kahn, Frank Heart, Ben Barker, Marty Thrope, Will Crowther, and Severo Ornstein
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Other Internet Inventors

Larry Roberts Internet Network Specification

Vinton Cerf TCP/IP Specification

Robert Kahn TCP/IP Specification

Lawrence Kleinrock Internet Packet Switching

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www - HTTP

Tim Berners Lee HTTP - 1991

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The Web

Tim Berners Lee Inventor of the Web in 1990; Released to public in 1991

Marc Andreeson & Jim Clark Principal Co-founders - Netscape (Commercial MOSAIC) 1994

MOSAIC browser Created at the National Center For Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, 1993

Netscape IPO - 1995

Microsoft Information Explorer (IE) - 1995

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Value Migration: from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0

Yahoo David Filo & Jerry Yang

Google Larry Page and Sergey Brin

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Social Media
Facebook Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes

MySpace Chris DeWolfe & Tom Anderson

YouTube Chad Hurley & Steve Chen

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Twitter Inventors Evan Williams & Jack Dorsey

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Whos Next?

Your Name & Photo Here

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Pioneers in Computing in Canada, McGill University

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Jay Wright Forrester, born 14 July 1918 in Climax, NE, developed the basic concept of random-access storage in 1947 based born July 14, 1918, in Climax, Nebraska, developed the basic concept of randomaccess storage in 1947 on the basis of glow-discharge cells. In 1949 he recast the concept as toroidal, random-access, coincident-current magnetic storage. Developed as the storage system for the Whirlwind computer, it became the standard internal memory for computers for nearly 30 years. By 1951, the Whirlwind was supporting the planning and design of the SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Air Defense System. Forrester received the IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award in 1982

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Betty Holberton was a computing pioneer who was one of

the six original programmers of ENIAC 50 years ago. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was developed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and had been completed in the fall of 1945 and revealed to the public in February 1946. It was the first operational, general-purpose, electronic digital computer. It was pursued by the Army as a means to speed up calculations required to produce firing tables. ENIAC was first used to solve an important problem for the Manhattan Project. The ENIAC is important historically, because it laid the foundations for the modern electronic computing industry. More than any other machine, the ENIAC demonstrated that high-speed digital computing was possible using the then-available vacuum tube technology. BETTY HOLBERTON'S PLACES OF WORK 1942-The Moore School and continued this work at the U.S. Army Ballistics Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground until 1947 1947-1950-the Eckert-Mauchly Electronic Control Company to help with the development of the UNIVAC 1950-1953-Remington-Rand 1953-1966-Applied Mathematics Laboratory, David Taylor Model Basin 1966-1983-National Bureau of Standards
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Granddaughter of an astronomer who grew up with classical literature and language, Frances Elizabeth Snyder Holberton, was left-handed, cross-eyed and constantly made fun of by her classmates. When she began to study at the University of Pennsylvania, her math professor said she should be home raising children. She believed computers would flourish only if they were easy to program and operate. Betty said she spent half her time trying to figure out what people needed in computers, and the other half convincing an engineer it was his idea, so the work would be done. She led a committee devising the first language allowing programs to be run on more than one computer, Cobol.

Betty Holberton

She influenced the design of portions of the hardware for the UNIVAC as well as much of the software of the first UNIVAC, which was delivered to the U.S. Census bureau in March, 1951, to be used to process the 1950 census results. She concocted the first sort-merge generator, for UNIVAC I, which lead the way for Grace Murray Hopper to develop the earliest compiler. She played an active and influential role in the design and standardization of both COBOL and FORTRAN languages. Grace Hopper later described Betty Holberton as being the best programmer she had ever known.

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. Two other significant events in computer development occurred shortly before the IBM 650 announcement. On July 9, 1951, the Ferranti company inaugurated the Mark I, a derivative of the machine built by Frederic Williams and Tom Kilburn at the University of Manchester. The Ferranti Mark I was the first in a line of commercial machines that would form the basis of the British computer industry. The next day, Maurice Wilkes, at the University of Cambridge, unveiled the concept of microprogramming, which would revolutionize the architecture of succeeding machine generations and enable machines of different instructional capabilities to be compatible. Kilburn and Wilkes were designated IEEE Computer Society Pioneers in 1980.

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Gerrit A. Blaauw, born July 17, 1924, at The Hague, Netherlands, started work with Howard Aiken on the Harvard Mark III and Mark IV systems and contributed to the IBM Stretch and System/360. He received an IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award in 1994.

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