Chapter 19, Sections 3 & 4

The Fight for Justice in the Early 1900s

Section 3: The Rights of Women

The story of how women finally won the right to vote after years of conflict

Key Terms

Suffrage: The right to vote in political elections 19th Amendment: Amendment to the Constitution passed in 1920 that gave all women the right to vote Prohibition: A ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol 18th Amendment: Amendment to the Constitution passed in 1917 that enforced prohibition in the U.S.

Birth of the Suffrage Movement

Without womens suffrage, was America really a democracy? Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) **Primary Sources**

Women Vote in the West

Why was the West the first place women gained the right to vote? Wyoming extends suffrage to women (1869) Wyoming admitted to statehood with women voters (1890)

New Opportunities for Women

First woman to earn a doctoral degree (1877) 1,000 female lawyers and 7,000 female doctors (1900)

Womens clubs (Late 1800s)

National Association of Colored Women (1896)

Growing Support

Why did the movement grow in the early 1900s?

Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)

Illinois extends suffrage to women (1913)

The Crusade Against Alcohol

What does the passage of the 18th Amendment suggest about womens political power? Womens Christian Temperance Union (1874) Frances Willard (1839-1898) Carry Nation (1846-1911) Passage of 18th Amendment (1917)

The 19th Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Alice Paul (1885-1977) Congress passes the 19th Amendment (1919) Amendment ratified (1920)

Section 4: Struggles for Justice

African American and immigrant opposition to discrimination

Key Terms

Lynching: murder by a mob Parochial School: private schools sponsored by a church Anti-Semitism: prejudice against Jews

Booker T. Washington
Born: 1856, Died: 1915 Born into slavery and taught himself to read

Founded Tuskegee Institute (1881)

Believed in gradual improvement in society

Won support of Carnegie and Rockefeller

Trusted adviser to presidents on race issues

W.E.B. Du Bois

Born: 1868, Died: 1963 First African American to receive Ph.D. from Harvard Admired Washington, but disagreed with him Urged blacks to actively fight discrimination Founder of NAACP

Campaign Against Lynching

Ida B. Wells (1862-1931)

Thousands of African Americans were lynched by mobs in the 1890s

Depression of 1893 made matters worse

Successes and Failures

Woodrow Wilson called segregation a benefit for African Americans, refusing to listen to protesters George Washington Carver invented peanut butter and hundreds of other uses for peanuts Sarah Walker became the first woman to earn over $1 million Black colleges and churches multiplied Du Bois and Washingtons educational successes

Mexican Americans
Mexican immigrants faced many of the same segregation tactics as African Americans Barrios: Ethnic Mexican American neighborhoods Mutualistas: Mutual aid groups that functioned like immigrant aid societies

Asian Americans

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 kept out Chinese immigrants, so workers began coming from the Philippines and Japan
U.S. annexes Hawaii (1898): Japanese farmers moved to California and turned barren land into successful farms San Francisco segregates Asian students (1906) Gentlemens Agreement (1907): New Japanese immigrants are stopped, but wives of existing immigrants could join their husbands California bans non-citizen Asians from land ownership (1913)

Religious Minorities
Many Roman Catholics and Jews were coming to America in the immigration boom Anti-Catholic American Protective Association (1887): Nativist group that worked to restrict immigration Schools lectured against the Pope and instilled prejudices against Catholics, leading to the establishment of parochial schools Jews were lynched for crimes they didnt commit, much like African Americans Anti-Defamation League (1913): Group founded by Jews to promote understanding and fight prejudice against Jews