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transmission and sub transmission lines. They are used where over current relay become slow. It provides both primary and backup protection.
at the relay location. When a fault occur on the protected line section the measured impedance is the impedance of the line section between the relay location and the point of fault. The relay operates when the measured impedance is less then the given constant. It is non-directional relay. Its characteristic on the R-X diagram is circular with center at origin.
the relay location and is not affected by variation in resistance. In case of fault on the protected line the measured reactance is the reactance of the line between the relay location and the fault point. The relay operates when the measured reactance is less then the given constant. It is non-directional relay. Its characteristic on the R-X diagram is straight line parallel to X axis.
forward direction. Its characteristic on the R-X diagram is circular passing through the origin.
relays for low voltage systems. Long lifespan Visual operation Less operating cost
protecting generators, transformers, buses, and transmission lines from the effects of internal faults.
currents on both sides of the equipment are compared. Under normal conditions, or for a fault outside of the protected zone, current I1 is equal to current I2 . Therefore the currents in the current transformers secondary's are also equal, i.e. i1 = i2 and no current flows through the current relay. If a fault develops inside of the protected zone, currents I1 and I2 are no longer equal, therefore i1 and i2 are not equal and there is a current flowing through the current relay.
Application:
Protection of generator
Protection of large motors Bus zone Protection
protection Protection of transmission line by Phase comparison current carrier Protection Protection of transformer.
Conclusion:
Hence we had seen that : Distance relay works on the principle of z=v/i. when z
value of the line fall below the set value relay will give trip signal. it is used for transmission line. Differential relay works on the principle of Kirchhoff current law. i.e. incoming current = outgoing current if it is not equal relay will give trip signal. It is used for transformer and generator protection.
References:
Wikipedia.
WWW.Google.com B.Ram,Power System Protection and Switch Gear, Tata
McGraw-Hill, 1989
S.S.Rao, Switch Gear Protection and Power Systems,
Khanna Publishers
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