Classification of PL

The degree to which they are dependent on the underlying hardware configuration:
By Level Low Level High Level

Different Interest that Conjoin the Study of PL

PROGRAMMER translate the algorithm using a particular PL. LANGUAGE DESIGNER one who lays out the pattern for the design of the PL. LANGUAGE IMPLEMENTER a person or group of persons who design the compiler or interpreter.

Classification of PL
The degree to which programs written in that language are process oriented:
By Language Class Procedural process centered; they are concerned with how. Declarative are more dataconcerned; specify the what is to done with the data.

Classification of PL
The data type that is assumed or that the language handles most easily The problems it is designed to solve
Problem Oriented the degree to which the program can handle a particular problem or application area efficiently.

Classification of PL
The degree to which the language is extensible.
The user is able to create new language structure and so customize the language for her own specific purposes.

Classification of PL
The degree (and kind) of interaction of the program with its environment.
Processing Environment the degree to which the program interacts with its environment during execution time.

Classification of PL
The programming paradigm most naturally supported.
Programming Paradigm is a problemsolving approach. Is a world view governing the way a problem is conceptualized, the way the solution is organized and finally the design and implementation of the program.

Some Classification Hierarchies (Classifying PL in 4 ways)

Level of Complexity of the language and its software development environment
(By Level of Complexity) 1. 1st Generation Language (1937-1952) 2. 2nd Generation Language (1949-1956) 3. 3rd Generation Language (1954present) 4. 4th Generation Language (1961present) 5. 5th Generation Language (Future)

Classification of PL
Major function or type of problem to be solved (By Problem Orientation) A. General Purpose 1. Not Problem Oriented For all problem areas Ex. PASCAL

Classification of PL
2. Problem Oriented for specific problem area. a. Symbolic Processing LISP, SNOBOL b. Science/Engineering BASIC c. Business Data Processing COBOL d. Systems Programming C, Ada e. Artificial Intelligence PROLOG f. Simulation SIMULA g. Education BASIC, Pascal

Classification of PL
B. Special Purpose they cannot used for any other problem area other than one for which they were designed. Ex. RPG The processing environment assumed by the language. A. Batch Processing. Ex. COBOL, Pascal

Classification of PL
Interaction With:
Human User (Interactive processing)

Ex. BASIC, PROLOG

Physical Objects (Real-Time Processing) Ex. MODULA-2, Ada (robotics, automatic pilots and space vehicles) Other Software (Parallel Processing) Concurrent Processing execution of two or more subprograms called processes.