DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : J Srinivasa Rao
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : D.A.E.I.E
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Kothagudem
Year/Semester : VI Sem
Subject : Analytical Instrumentation
Subject Code : AEI-603
Topic : Analysers
Duration : 50 Min
Sub Topic : AUTO ANALYSER
Teaching Aids : PPT, Pictures
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 OBJECTIVES

After the completion of this period you will be able

to know

• Principle

• Construction and Working of Auto analyser

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 RECAP

In the previous topic we have studied about

• Principle, construction and working of Thermal

conductivity gas analyser.

• Now we are going to study about Auto anlayser.

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• The increased demand for clinical services has resulted

in the development of auto analyzers.

• Auto analyzers can carry out 100 samples to 3000

samples/hr.

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The steps common to most analyzers are

• Sampling

• Required separation of the sample

• Addition of reagents and mixing

• Detection

• Collection storage and recording

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 TYPES

Automatic analyzers can be classified into three

types based on the operation.

• Discrete Analyzer

• Continuous flow analyzer

• Centrifugal analyzer

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 Discrete analyzer

This analyzer handles each sample as a separate entity.

• The sample and the required reagents are taken in test

tubes or cuvettes.

• Mixing and analysis takes place in the test tubes or

cuvettes.

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 Discrete analyzes

Fig 1 AEI-603.25 8
AUTO ANALYSER

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AUTO ANALYSER

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• These containers are placed in the conveyor belt and

agitated.

• The temperature is controlled by the water bath.

• The measurement is done at the sensor station.

• The drawback of discrete analyzer is due to mechanical

complexity.

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 Continuous flow analyzer

• In continuous flow analyzer the sample are treated in a

continuous flowing system.
• The analytical system consists of a series of individual
modules, each performing a specific function in a
programmed sequence.
• All aspects of sampling, separation, reagent addition,
mixing, temperature control, sensing, read out and
recording are totally automatic.

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 Continuous flow analyser

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Fig 2
• A sampling capillary dips into each sample and feeds
into analyzer.
• The mixture is allowed to react as it passes through a
thermo stated reaction coil.
• After the sample has reacted the analyte is quantitated
by a suitable sensing device such as a ultraviolet or
visible Spectrofluriometer.

• The results are printed on a continuous strip chart

recorder or sent to the printer.

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 Centrifugal Analyzer

• Centrifugal analyzer multiplexes the detector by rapidly

rotating a disk containing samples through a single
detector.
• The centrifugal force provides the means for mixing the
sample and reagent and transferring this mixture to the
cuvette.
• The sample and reagents are placed in cups arranged in
concentric circles in a transfer disk.

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 Centrifugal Analyser

Fig 3 AEI-603.25 16
• The cups in the various circles are aligned radially and
arranged so that the samples and reagents move
through a transfer cavity.

• After mixing, each sample solution is pulled into a

cuvette where its transmittance and luminescence is
measured.

• As the disk rotates, the cuvettes pass through the

detector.

• The reading for each sample is recorded.

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 APPLICATIONS

• Chemical analysis of blood

• Analysis of urine

• To analyze blood plasma like sodium, potassium,

chloride and bicarbonate.

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 Summary

• The steps common to most analyzers are (i) sampling (ii)

required separation of the sample (iii) addition of
reagents and mixing (iv) detection (v) collection storage
and recording.
• Automatic analyzers can be classified into three types
based on the operation.(i) Discrete Analyzer (ii)
Continuous flow analyzer (iii) Centrifugal analyzer
• Discrete analyzer: This analyzer handles each sample
as a separate entity.

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 Summary (contd)

• Continuous flow analyzer : In continuous flow

analyzer the sample are treated in a continuous flowing
system

• Centrifugal Analyzer Centrifugal analyzer

multiplexes the detector by rapidly rotating a disk
containing samples through a single detector.

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 Quiz

In a discrete gas analyzer each sample is treated

as a
• Separate entity
• Continuous flowing system
• Multiplexing of sample
• All of the above

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 Frequently asked questions

• Write a short notes on Auto Analysers.

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