DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.Ramprasad.
Designation : Lecturer.
Branch : A.E.I.E
Institute : QQ.G.P.T, Hyderabad.
Semester : V semester
Subject : LIC Applications.
Sub code : AEI-505
Topic : Wave form generators.
Duration : 100 mts
Sub topic : Triangular wave generator.
Teaching Aids : PPT, diagrams.

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 1
 Recap

In the last class we have discussed about

• Introduction of wien bridge oscillator

• Circuit diagram and its operation.

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 2
 Objectives

Upon the completion of this topic you will be able

to know about triangular wave generator

• Introduction
• Circuit diagram
• operation

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 3
 Interaction or discussion

• What is a wien bridge oscillator

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 4
Circuit diagram

TRIANGULAR WAVE GENERATOR

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 5
 Principle

• The output waveform of the integrator is triangular when

its input is a square wave

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 6
 Construction

• A triangular wave generator can be formed by simply

connecting an integrator to the square wave generator
the circuit requires

• A dual op-amp

• Two capacitors

• At least five resistors

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 7
 Construction Contd…

• The frequencies of the square wave and triangular wave

are same

• For fixed R1 and R2 and C values the frequencies of the

square wave as well as triangular wave depends on

resistor R.

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 8
 Operation

• The input of the integrator A2 is a square wave while its

output is a triangular wave
• For the output of the A2 to be a triangular wave requires
the condition
• 5R3 C2 > T/2

• Where T is the period of the square wave input as a

general rule R3C2 should be equal to T

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 9
 Operation Contd…

• To obtain a stable triangular wave it may also be

necessary to shunt the capacitor C2 with resistance

R4=10 R3 and connect an off-set voltage compensating

network at the non-inverting terminal of A2.

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 10
 Limitations

• The frequency of the triangular wave generator is limited

by the slew rate of the op-amp

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 11
AEI505.50 TO 51 . 12
 Construction

• Another triangular wave generator which requires fewer

components is shown in the figure

• The triangular wave generator consist of

• A comparator A1

• And an integrator A2

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 13
 Construction Contd…

• The comparator A1 compares the voltage at point P

continuously with inverting input i.e., at zero volts

• When the voltage at P goes slightly below or above zero

volts the output of the A1 is at the negative or positive
saturation level respectively

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 14
 Operation

• Let us set the output of A1 at positive saturation + Vsat

(+Vcc)

• This +Vsat is an input of the integrator A2

• The output of the A2

• Will be a negative going ramp

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 15
 Operation Contd…

• Thus one end of the voltage divider R2-R3 is the

positive saturation voltage +Vsat of A1

• The other end is the negative going ramp of A2

• When the negative going ramp attains a certain

value -VRamp .point P is slightly below zero volts

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 16
 Operation Contd…

• The output of A1 will switch from positive saturation to

negative saturation –Vsat.

• This means the output of the A2 will now stop going

negatively and will began to go positively

• The output of the A2 will continue to the increase until it

reaches + VRamp

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 17
 Operation Contd…

• At this time the point P is slightly above zero volts

• The output of the A1 is switched back to the positive

saturation level + Vsat

• This sequence then repeats

• The output waveform is as shown in fig.

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 18
 Summary

• In this class we have discussed about triangular

wave generation

• Introduction
• Construction
• Principle
• Circuit diagram
• Operations

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 19
 Quiz

1. What is the output wave form of the integrator if the

input is a square wave

a) triangular wave

b) rectangular wave

c) sine wave

d) saw-tooth wave

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 20
 Assignment

1. Design a triangular wave generator

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 21
 Frequently asked question

• Explain the operation of the triangular wave generator?

• Draw the circuit diagram of triangular wave generator?

AEI505.50 TO 51 . 22