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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : A.CHAKRAVARTHI
Designation : HOD
Branch : Applied Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering Section.
Institute : SGPR Govt Polytechnic, Kurnool.
Year / Semester : V Semester
Subject : Process Control
Subject Code : AEI – 504
Topic : Introduction to Process Control
Duration : 100 Mts
Sub Topic : Definition of Controlled Variable and
Manipulated Variable .
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
AEI 504.5 to 6 1
Objectives

On the completion of this topic, you would be able


to know :

• Liquid Level Control System Example

• Definition of Controlled Variable and Manipulated


Variable.

AEI 504.5 to 6 2
LIQUID LEVEL CONTROL SYSTEM

cv

Figure : 1

AEI 504.5 to 6 3
Variables :

As shown in figure 1.

• The process variable to be controlled is liquid level.

• H is the set point that is desired liquid level.

• h is the controlled variable that is the present liquid level.

• Error is the difference of set point and controlled variable

• m is the manipulated (adjustable) variable.

AEI 504.5 to 6 4
Hardware Elements

• Transducer : Plastic float incorporated with


Potentio meter

• Controller : Computer

• Final Control Element : Actuator and valve.

AEI 504.5 to 6 5
CONTROLLING MECHANISM

• If controlled variable is larger than the set point,


controller opens the valve a little to let increase the flow
out and thus level (controlled variable) lowers towards
the set point.

• If the controlled variable is smaller than the set point, the


controller closes the valve a little to decrease the flow out
and allow the level to raise towards the set point.

AEI 504.5 to 6 6
DEFINATION OF CONTROLLED
VARIABLE

• Controlled variable is the one that must be maintained


precisely as the set point. Typically the variable choosing to
represent the state of the system is termed the controlled
variable.
Or
• The process variable regulated by the process control loop.

AEI 504.5 to 6 7
DEFINATION OF MANIPULATED
VARIABLE

• Manipulated variable is the one that can be changed in


order to maintain the controlled variable at the set point

• In other words the variable chosen the control system state


is termed as manipulated variable.

• It is also called as controlling variable.

• Manipulated variable can be adjust freely by the controller

AEI 504.5 to 6 8
SUMMARY

Upon the completion of this topic you would be able


to know

• Liquid Level Control System.

• Definition of Controlled Variable and Manipulated Variable

AEI 504.5 to 6 9
QUIZ

1.Processing type used in process control applications

a) Analog

c) Digital

e) Both A & B

g) None of the above

AEI 504.5 to 6 10
2. Relay Switch is a

b) Controller
d) Transducer
f) Final Control Element
h) None of the above

AEI 504.5 to 6 11
3.Adjustable Variable in process control loop is

a) Controlled variable

c) Manipulated variable

e) Both A & B

g) None of the above

AEI 504.5 to 6 12
Frequently Asked Questions

1) Define controlled variable and manipulated variable.

2) Distinguish between controlled variable and manipulated

variable..

3) Explain control variable and manipulated variable.

AEI 504.5 to 6 13

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