2 Introduction To Theory

Introduction to Theory in Occupational Therapy
Reference: Cole & Tufano, Chapter 4
From Cole, M. Applied theories in occupational therapy: a practical approach instructor's manual. Online document, http://www.efacultylounge.com, based on Cole, M. (2008). Applied theories in occupational therapy: a practical approach. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated.
Theory in Occupational Therapy

Philosophy a fundamental belief Paradigm (Thomas Kuhn) a shared vision of the profession which defines the scope of practice (in a profession) Model a standard or example for imitation or comparison (Websters dictionary), an image diagramming the interrelationship of concepts (M. Cole)
Paradigm of OT
Paradigm is the organizing principle for OT knowledge. Everything we have learned in school is filtered through practice models. We will call these applied theories
Occupation Based Models Frames of Reference
OTs domain of concern is defined by the OT Practice Framework.

Kathlyn Reed
Two types of models in OT: 1. Conceptual Models explain WHY OT works, validate value of OT but tend to be generic and do not address specific areas of practice
(Occupation Based Models)

2. Practice Models explain HOW OT works, gives guidelines for specific types of evaluation and intervention
(Frames of Reference)
Applied Theories in OT
Represent different levels of theory. Some more well-researched than others. How do we know whether the strategies work in practice (evidence-based interventions)? How do we measure outcomes (assessment tools based on theory)?
Mosey's Model: Occupational Therapy Loop

PHILOSOPHY ASSUMPTIONS ETHICS ART MODEL RESEARCH PRACTICE DATA
Adapted from Mosey, A. (1981). Occupational Therapy: Configuration of a profession (p. 157). New York: Raven Press.
SCIENCE
FRAMES OF REFERENCE
OT Theory Organization
(Cole & Tufano, 2008)
PARADIGM Philosophy, Values & Ethics, Knowledge Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain & Process
OCCUPATION-BASED MODELS (Overarching Theories)
FRAMES of REFERENCE (Practice guidelines in specific domains)
Frame of Reference, Defined

Mosey's definition of a frame of reference: "a set of interrelated, internally consistent concepts, definitions, and postulates that provide a systematic description of and prescription for a practitioner's interaction within a particular aspect of a profession's domain of concern."
How a Frame of Reference is organized:

Focus: Areas addressed in Domain Basic Assumptions: Internally consistent & related concepts, postulates, principles Function-Disability Continuums: Defines the range of strengths and problems within a specific domain of concern Postulates of change: Explains how change occurs within a domain Example: How does change occur within the biomechanical frame of reference?
Organization, cont.
Evaluation: Each frame of reference has specific tools for evaluating the extent of function/dysfunction. Example: What are some ways to assess range of motion, muscle strength, and endurance (biomechanical frame)?
Organization, cont.
Interventions (formerly called treatment) Each frame of reference has specific strategies for intervention which have been developed and researched to varying degrees. Example: What are some interventions for biomechanical disabilities (rom, strength, endurance, pain)?
Research: How do theories become evidence-based?

Theory building Little known about it Inductive reasoning Qualitative & descriptive research Case Studies Ethnography, narrative analysis Themes, categories Theory Testing Well known/researched Deductive reasoning Quantitative, experimental research Assessment of dependent variables Studies of specific concepts/relationships
Frame of Reference
Focus (domains of concern) Basic Assumptions: Concepts, constructs, relationships, principles, postulates Function/disability continuums: application to individual clients (deductive) Postulates of change: how change occurs provides basis for intervention planning, also includes motivation Evaluations, Interventions Research (evidence, outcomes)
Applied Theories Covered in this Course

See syllabus as guide disability focus Allens Cognitive Disabilities, next week Cognitive Perceptual (Dynamic Interactional) Cognitive Behavioral Psychodynamic Developmental Sensory Integration Neurodevelopmental motor learning The End

2 Introduction To Theory

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Introduction to Theory in Occupational Therapy

Reference: Cole & Tufano, Chapter 4

Theory in Occupational Therapy

OTs domain of concern is defined by the OT Practice Framework.

(Occupation Based Models)

Mosey's Model: Occupational Therapy Loop

OCCUPATION-BASED MODELS (Overarching Theories)

FRAMES of REFERENCE (Practice guidelines in specific domains)

Frame of Reference, Defined

How a Frame of Reference is organized:

Research: How do theories become evidence-based?

Applied Theories Covered in this Course

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