Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
(Wireless Fidelity)
By
D C Sonkhla
SDE(Comp)
BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
Wi-Fi Overview (Wireless Fidelity)
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Introduction & History
Precursor to Wi-Fi was invented in 1991 by
NCR Corporation / AT&T (Later Lucent &
Agere Systems) in Nieuwgein, Netherlands.
The first wireless product was brought as
for 802.11b / a / g.
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Introduction & History
Interbrand developed the logo “Wi-Fi”
(Otherwise IEEE802.11 Direct Sequence)
for Wi-Fi Ethernet Compatibility Alliances)
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Introduction & History
In 1985 Federal Communications Commissions
made available Unlicense Spread Spectrum
enabling the use of this technology in all
major countries. This proposal was to allow
civic use of Spread Spectrum technology.
Wi-Fi uses single carrier direct sequence Spread
Spectrum radio technology and Multi Carrier
OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing) radio technology.
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Introduction & History
A person with Wi-Fi enabled device such as computer,
cell-phone etc can connect to the internet when in the
proximity of an Access Point.
The region covered by one or more Access Point is
called a Hotspot. Hotspots can range from a single
room to many square miles of overlapping hotspots.
Wi-Fi can also be used to create a mesh network.
Wi-Fi allows connectivity in peer-to-peer (wireless ad-
hoc network) mode.
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Introduction & History
It provides the final few metres of connectivity
between a wired network and the mobile user
thereby providing mobility, scalability of
networks and the speed of installation.
WIFI is a wireless LAN Technology to deliver
wireless broad band speeds up to 54 Mbps to
Laptops, PCs, PDAs , dual mode wifi enabled
phones etc. Apart from Data delivery Voice
over WIFI is also in pipeline.
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Access Point
A Wireless Access Point(WAP) or Access
Point(AP) is a device that connects wireless
communication devices together to form a
wireless network. It is usually connected to a
wired network and can relay data between
wireless & wired devises.
Several WAPs can link together to form a larger
network that allows “roaming”. WAP has an IP
address for configuration.
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Access Point
WAPs grew rapidally in 2000 as easily
installable devices.
Mess of cables on wall, ceilings could be
reduced or eliminated completely.
They offered greater mobility enabling
employees to carry portable data terminals
integrating barcode scanners and wireless links
for updates in real time.
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Access Point
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Access Point
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Access Point
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Access Point
Wi-Fi adapters
End users access the Wi-Fi network through
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Access Point
Wi-Fi adapters
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Access Point
A WAP can typically communicate with 30
clients systems located within radius of 100 m.
Range of communication can vary a lot
depending on:
Indoor or outdoor placement
Height above ground
Nearby obstruction
Oher electronics devices that might actively
interfere with the signal by broadcasting on
the same frequency.
Type of antenna
Current weather
Operating radio frequency
Power output of devices.
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Access Point
Network designers of WAP use
repeaters & reflectors to amplify or
bounce the radio signals that ordinarily
would go un-received.
A typical corporate use involves
attaching several WAPs to a wired
network.
In this case the WAP functions as a
gateway for client to access the wired
network.
Another use involves bridging two wired
networks (within line of site) in
conditions inappropriate
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for cable.
Access Point
Lily-pad network
Another wireless topology a Lily-pad network
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Hotspots
Hotspots are venues that offer Wi-Fi access.
It is a geographic area that has a readily
accessible wireless network
First proposed by Brett Steward in Aug-
1993 as “Public Accessible Wireless
LANs” and first advanced by NOKIA
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Hotspots
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Hotspots
For venues having broadband services
offering wireless access is as simple as
purchasing one AP and connecting that AP
to gateway box.
Hotspots are often found at Restaurants,
Railway stations, Airports, Library, Coffee
shops, Bookstores & public places.
Universities & Schools can have wireless
network in their campus.
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Hotspots
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Hotspot Security
Most hotspots are unsecured.
User data is shared by all users.
Some hotspots authenticate users.
This does not secure data transmission or
prevent packet sniffers from allowing
people to see the traffic on the network.
Some venues offer VPN such as
GoogleWiFi, which is expensive option.
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Hotspot Security
A “Poisoned Hotspot” refers to a free public
hotspot hosted up by malicious individuals
for the purpose of sniffing the data send by
the user.
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Typical Wi-Fi Users
Frequent Travelers
Businessmen and Corporate Managers
Scientists & Doctors
Students and Academicians
Administrators & Technocrats who participate in
Seminars & Conferences
Just about anybody with a laptop
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Components required for WiFi
A PC, laptop or PDA, running Windows 98 or
above.
A wireless PCMCIA card, or a wireless adapter.
Now a days all the latest LAPTOPS are coming
with in built CENTRINO
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Advantages of Wi Fi
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Advantages of Wi Fi
· Mobility:
Wi-Fi systems can provide LAN users with
access to real-time information anywhere in
their organization.
This mobility supports productivity and
service opportunities not possible with
wired networks.
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Advantages of Wi Fi
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Advantages of Wi Fi
Reduced Cost-of-Ownership
The initial investment of Wi-Fi hardware
can be higher (gradually coming down),
overall installation expenses and life-cycle
costs can be significantly lower.
Long-term cost benefits are greatest in
dynamic environments requiring frequent
moves, adds, and changes.
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Advantages of Wi Fi
Scalability
Wi-Fi systems can be configured in a variety
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Advantages of Wi Fi
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Limitation of Wi-Fi networks
Coverage:
A single Access Point can cover, at best, a
radius of only about 60 metres.
Hundreds of Access Points are necessary to
provide seamless coverage in small area.
For 10 square kms area roughly 650 Access
Points are required, where as CDMA 2000
1xEV-DO requires just 09 sites.
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Limitation of Wi-Fi networks
Roaming:
It lacks roaming between different networks hence
wide spread coverage by one service provider is not
possible, which is the key to success of wireless
technology.
Backhaul:
Backhaul directly affects data rate.
Service provider used Cable or DSL for backhaul.
Wi-Fi real world data rates are at least half of the
their theoretical peak rates due to factors such as
signal strength, interference and radio overhead
Backhaul reduces the remaining throughput further.
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Limitation of Wi-Fi networks
Interference:
Wi-Fi uses unlicensed spectrum, which
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Limitation of Wi-Fi networks
Security:
Wi-Fi Access Points and modems use the Wired
secure.
WPA (WIFI Protected Access) offers much better
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Limitation of Wi-Fi networks
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting:
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Thank You
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