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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
NAME : G.SHASHIKALA
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DECE
Institute : GPW, SURYAPET
Year/semester : 1st year
Subject : Electronic Components & Devices
Subject Code : EC-105
Major Topic : Inductors and Transformers
Duration : 50Minutes
Sub Topic : Relation between voltage, current &
turn
ratio
Teaching Aids : PPT AND DIAGRAMS
EC105.52 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to


Know the

• Relation b/w voltage, current & turns ratio.

EC105.52 2
Recap

We have discussed in the last period E.M.F


equation of a transformer.

• What is the expression for emf in primary of N1 number


of turns of a transformer?

Ans: E1= 4.44N1føm

EC105.52 3
Voltage Transformation Ratio:

E1 E2
N1 N2 E
E E
1
2
u

Figure-1

EC105.52 4
Voltage Transformation Ratio:

From the e.m.f equation


E1= 4.44 N1 f Bm A
E2= 4.44 N2f Bm A
Dividing E2 / E 1
E2 / E1 = 4.44 N2 f Bm A / 4.44 N1f Bm A

E2 / E 1 = N 2 / N 1 = K
Where ‘K’ is called the transformation ratio or turns ratio

EC105.52 5
Points to be remembered :
Case 1:

• If N2>N1 or K>1 then the transformer is called step up


transformer.
Case 2:

• If N2<N1or K<1 then the transformer is called step down


transformer.
Case 3:

• If N2=N1 or K=1 then the transformer is said to be equal


ratio transformer.
EC105.52 6
Problem:

Calculate the transformation ratio of a 4400/220 V single


phase transformer.

Solution:
Given data
V1=4400 V
V2=220V
K = V2/V1=220/4400
= 1/20

EC105.52 7
Problem:

A Single phase transformer has 400 primary turns & 1000


secondary turns. Calculate the transformation ratio.

Solution:
Given data
N1 = 400
N2 = 1000
N2/N1 = 1000/400=2.5
K = 2.5

EC105.52 8
Current Ratio:

For an ideal transformer the primary volt amp is equal to


secondary volt amperes.

Input power = out put power

E1. I1 = E2. I2

E1 / E2 = I2/ I1 = 1/K

EC105.52 9
Relation b/w voltage, current & turns ratio

The current, voltage and number of turns related to one


another in the primary & secondary of a transformer are

E2 / E1 = N2 / N1 = I1 / I2 = K

This is the basic principle underlying the operation of


practically all transformers.

EC105.52 10
Summary

We have discussed about

• Relation b/w voltage, current & turns ratio .

EC105.52 11
Quiz

• If N2>N1 or K>1 then the transformer is


Step-up transformer.
called__________

EC105.52 12
Quiz

2) If N2<N1or K<1 then the transformer

step down transformer.


is called____________

EC105.52 13
Quiz

3) If N2=N1 or K=1 then the transformer


equal ratio transformer.
is said to be _______

EC105.52 14
4) A step up transformer increases

a) Voltage

b) Current

c) Power

d) Frequency

EC105.52 15
5) The voltage transformation ratio of a transformer
is equal to the ratio of

b) Secondary terminal voltage to primary applied voltage

d) Secondary induced e.m.f to primary induced e.m.f

f) Primary terms to Secondary terms

h) Secondary current to Primary current

EC105.52 16
6) Compared to the secondary of a loaded step up
transformer, the primary has _____ voltage and ______
current

a) lower , higher

b) higher , lower

c) lower , lower

d) higher , higher

EC105.52 17
Frequently Asked Questions

1. Define voltage transformation ratio current ratio and


turns ratio of a transformer.

4. Give the relation between voltage, current and turns


ratio of a transformer.

EC105.52 18

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