DEPRTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : D.V.Ramana
Designation : Lecturer/ECE
Branch : ECE
Institute : GMRPolytechnic,Rajahmundry,E.G Dist
Year/semester : III
Subject : circuit theory
Subject code : EC-303
Major topic : Resonance and coupled circuits
Sub-topic : parallel RL-C circuit
Duration : 50min
Teaching aids : PPT,circuit diagrams, graphs

EC – 303 . 62 1
Objectives

On completion of this period , you would be

able to
•Understand the condition for resonance in parallel
RL-C circuit.
•Derive the expression for resonant frequency .
•Know the current in parallel RL-C circuit under
resonance.
•Know the impedance of parallel RL-C circuit under
resonance.
EC – 303 . 62 2
Resonance in parallel RL-C circuit

EC – 303 . 62 3
A) When do you say parallel RL-C circuit is in
resonance ?

• When the susceptance part of its admittance

is zero.

• The frequency of excitation at which the

susceptance part of admittance is 0 is known
as resonant frequency f0.

EC – 303 . 62 4
Steps to find the resonant frequency

Step1 : Find the expression for admittance of the circuit

Step2 :Equate the susceptance part of it to zero

Step3 :Solve for frequency which is nothing but resonant

frequency

EC – 303 . 62 5
 Now execute these steps to find resonant
frequency

Admittance of coil
i
1
Y L = R + j ωL v
R
C

Admittance of C L

Y C
= j ωC
Y

EC – 303 . 62 6
 Simplify YL by multiplying numerator
and denominator with (R- j L)

1 ( R − j ωL ) ( R − jωL )
Y L = ( R + jωL) X ( R − jωL) = R 2 + (ωL) 2

R jωL
= 2 − 2 (1)
R + (ωL) 2
R + (ωL) 2

EC – 303 . 62 7
 Now the total admittance ‘y’

Y = YL + YC
R  ωL 
= 2 + j ωC − 2 2 (2)
R + (ωL) 2
 R + (ωL) 

• Real part in the above eq. is the conductance.

• Imaginary part is the susceptance.

EC – 303 . 62 8
Equate susceptance part to zero to
find the resonant frequency

⇒ (3)

EC – 303 . 62 9
Replace with ω0 and solve for ω0

L
⇒ R + (ω0 L) =
2 2
(4)
C
2
1 R
⇒ ω0 = − 2
LC L

ω 0 = 2π f 0

EC – 303 . 62 10
 2
1 R
⇒ 2πf 0 = − 2
LC L
Therefore resonant frequency parallel RL-C
circuit is

1 1 R2
f0 = − 2 (5)
2π LC L

EC – 303 . 62 11
Expression for f0 can also be written as

1  R 2C  (6)
f0 = 1 − 
2π LC  L 

• What will happen when >1 ?

• Resonant frequency will become imaginary.

• But frequency must be real and positive.

EC – 303 . 62 12
 Therefore the circuit to have a resonant
frequency
Q) how should be the component values ?
• component values should be such that.

>1

• Otherwise f0 will become imaginary.

EC – 303 . 62 13
IMPEDANCE AT RESONANT FREQUENCY

Admittance of the circuit from Eq.1

R  ωL 
Y = 2 + j ωC − 2 2
R + (ωL) 2
 R + (ωL) 

• At resonant frequency susceptance part is zero

R
∴Y = 2
R + (ω0 L) 2

EC – 303 . 62 14
 From Eq. (4)

• Impedance is CR
reciprocal of admittance
∴Y =
L
Impedance of parallel LR-C circuit at resonant
∴
frequency
L
Z0 =
CR
EC – 303 . 62 15
 CURRENT IN THE CIRCUIT UNDER
RESONANCE

• Applied voltage =v
L
• Impedance at f0 Z0 =
CR
Q)Now what is the current at resonant frequency ?

v v vCR
I0 = = =
Z0 L L
CR

EC – 303 . 62 16
 Power factor of parallel LC circuit under
resonance

• Impedance /admittance of parallel resonant circuit

Under resonance is pure resistive/conductive.

• So the voltage and current are in phase.

• Cosine of angle between voltage and current is

known as power factor.

EC – 303 . 62 17
A) Now what is the power factor of an
parallel LC circuit ?

Power factor = cos ϕ = cos(0) = 1

EC – 303 . 62 18
VARIATION OF IMPEDANCE WITH FREQUENCY

Impedance

Z0
• Impedance decreases
as frequency deviates

from f0

R
XC>XL
fo XL>XC frequency

EC – 303 . 62 19
 Differences between series and
parallel resonant circuits

Parameter series parallel

1 R 2C
Resonant frequency f 0
=
2π LC f =
1
1−
0
2π LC L
At f0
Impedance(Z0) R(minimum) L/CR(maximum)
Current V/R(very large) (VCR)/L(minimum)
Acts as short circuit Open circuit
power factor unity unity

EC – 303 . 62 20
A) For RL-c circuit shown in fig.find the
resonant frequency ?

Resonant frequency
10v
1  R C
2
10µF 10Ώ
f0 = 1 − 
2π LC  L 
0.1H
On substitution of R,L and C
values in the above equation

f 0 =158.35Hz

EC – 303 . 62 21
 summary

• LR-C circuit formed by connecting an RL branch and

a capacitor in parallel.

1  R 2C 
• Resonant frequency of the circuit is f0 = 1 − 
2π LC  L 

• Impedance at f0 ,Z0=L/CR.

• Impedance is maximum at f0.

EC – 303 . 62 22
• Impedance decreases as frequency deviates from f0.

• Current in the circuit is minimum at f0.

• Current increases as frequency deviates from f0.

• power factor under resonance is unity.

EC – 303 . 62 23
 Quiz
1)What will happen to impedance of an RL-C circuit
as frequency increases beyond f0?

a) Increases

b) decreases

c) Unchanged

d)none

Ans : ( b )

EC – 303 . 62 24
2) what is the phase difference between
voltage and current in parallel RL-C circuit
under resonance ?

a) 00

b) 900

c) 1350

d) 1800

Ans : ( a)

EC – 303 . 62 25
3) To get minimum current in parallel RL-C circuit
fequency of excitation must be

a) very high

b) very low

c) equal to f0

d) None

Ans : ( c )

EC – 303 . 62 26
4) What will be the impedance of parallel RL-C
circuit when R=0 ?

a) Zero

b) Infinite

c) Low

d) None

Ans : ( b )

EC – 303 . 62 27
 Frequently asked questions

1. Draw the parallel RL-C circuit and derive the

expression for its resonant frequency ?
2. With neat graph explain how impedance of
parallel RL-C circuit vary with frequency ?
3. Derive the expressions for impedance and current
of parallel RL-C circuit under resonance ?
4. Prove that the power factor of tank circuit under
resonance is unity.

EC – 303 . 62 28