DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRAPRADESH
Name : P. Srinivasa Baba
Designation : Lecturer in ECE
Branch : Electronics & Comm. Engg.
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic for women,

Guntur
Year/ Semester : III
Subject : Digital Electronics
Subject Code : CM-305
Topic : Logic gates & Boolean Algebra
Duration : 50 mts.
Sub topic : NAND,NOR , EX-OR, EX-NOR
Teaching aids : Diagrams
CM305.2 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able

to

• Know the functions of Logic Gates

(NAND,NOR ,EX-OR,EX-NOR)

• Truth tables of the gates

• symbols of the gates

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 Recap
• Boolean Algebra
• Basic logic operations
• AND,OR and NOT gates
• Truth tables and symbols
• What is a NAND Gate ?

• NAND gate is an AND gate followed by NOT gate.

• The output of NAND gate is LOW if and only if all inputs

are HIGH

• NAND gate theoretically accepts infinite inputs and gives

one output

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Symbol of NAND Gate

Fig 2.1 NAND GATE

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Truth table of NAND Gate
___
A B A.B
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

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PIN diagram of NAND Gate

Fig 2.2: The 7400 chip, containing four NAND gates.

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 NOR Gate

• NOR gate is OR gate followed by NOT gate

• The output of NOR gate is high if all inputs are low.

• NOR gate theoretically accepts infinite inputs and gives one

output

• NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates, because

any logic gate can be constructed using either NAND gates
only or NOR gates only

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Symbol of NOR Gate

A ______
(A + B)
B

Fig 2.3 : N0R gate

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Truth table of NOR Gate
____
A B (A+B)

0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
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PIN out diagram of NOR Gate

Fig 2.4: 7402 integrated circuit provides four two-input NOR

gates
11
CM305.2
 EX-OR Gate

• EX-OR gate performs modulo-2 addition

• A two input EX-OR gates gives HIGH output if inputs

are different

• It gives LOW output if two inputs are same.

• EX-OR gate has infinite inputs and only one output

CM-305.2 12
EX-OR Gate

• The output of multi input EX-OR gate is HIGH if number of

HIGH(1) inputs are odd.

• The output of multi input EX-OR gate is LOW if number of

HIGH(1) inputs are even.

• In expressions EX-OR operation is represented with

encircled Plus (+)

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Applications of EX-OR Gate

• It is used as controlled inverter.

• It is used in digital comparators.

• It is used to get sum output in adders

• It is used in binary to gray code converters

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Symbol of EX-OR Gate

Fig 2.5 : EX-OR GATE

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Fig 2.6: Equivalent of EX-OR gate

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Truth table of EX-OR Gate

A B Α⊕Β
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

CM-305.2 17
PIN out diagram of EX-OR Gate

Fig 2.7:7486 integrated circuit provides four two-input EX-OR

gates
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EX-NOR Gate

• EX-NOR gate is EX-OR gate followed by

Not gate

• The output of EX-NOR gate is HIGH if

number of HIGH(1) inputs are even.

• The output of EX-NOR gate is LOW if

number of HIGH (1) inputs are odd
• EX-NOR gate has infinite inputs and only one
output
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Symbol of EX-NOR Gate

Fig2.8 : EX-NOR gate

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 Truth table of EX-NOR Gate

Α⊕Β
A B
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

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PIN out diagram of EX-NOR Gate

Fig 2.9 :7466 integrated circuit provides four two-input EX-NOR gates.

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Summary

• NAND gate is AND gate followed by NOT gate

• NOR gate is OR gate followed by NOT gate

• NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates

• EX-OR gate performs modulo-2 addition.

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• EX-NOR gate is EX-OR gate followed by NOT gate.

• All logic gates Ics are available in 74xx series and 54xx

series.

• 74xx and 54xx series Ics are available as 14-pin dual

in-line package.

CM305.2
Quiz

1) The output of NAND gate is low(0), when

a) any input is high

b) any input is low

c) all inputs are high

d) all inputs are low

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2) The output of NOR gate is HIGH(1) when

a) any input is high

b) any input is low

c) all inputs are high

d) all inputs are low

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2) A EX-OR gate can be used as

a) amplifier

b) rectifier

c) inverter

d) controlled inverter

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4) The output of EX-NOR gate is High (1), when

a) any input is low

b) any input is high

c) no. of high inputs are even

d) none

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Frequently asked questions in exams

1) Draw the logic symbol and truth table of NAND and

NOR gates

4) Draw the logic symbol and truth table of EX-OR and

EX-NOR gates

3) Write the applications of EX-OR gate.

4) Why NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates?

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 Assignment questions

• List the specifications of 7400 and 7402 Ics.

• List the specifications of 7466 and 7486 Ics.

• List the applications of NAND and NOR gates.

• List the applications of EX-OR and EX- NOR gates.

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