DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDRA PRADASH
Name : B. Venkateswara Rao.
Designation : Lecturer.
Branch : ECE.
Institute : S.S.Govt. Polytechnic, Zaheerabad.
Subject : Electronics-I.
Code : EE - 305.
Major Topic : Power supplies.
Sub topic : Half Wave Rectifier.
Duration : 50 Min.
Teaching Aids : PPT,diagrams.
EE305. 26 - 27 1
 OBJECTIVES:
• Upon completion of this period the student will be
able to know

• Power supplies
• Rectifiers
• Types of rectifiers
• Half wave rectifier
• Disadvantages of rectifiers

EE305. 26 - 27 2
 Power Supplies

• Power Supply is a device one which it converts a.c into d.c

and maintains the constant output.

Power Supply consists of rectifier, filter and a regulator.

A.C D.C
Rectifier Filter Regulator
input output

EE305. 26 - 27 3
• Rectifier converts bi-directional signal into unidirectional
signal.

• Filter smoothens the fluctuating d.c into pure d.c .

• Regulator maintains constant output.

EE305. 26 - 27 4
 Classification of Rectifiers

1. Half-wave rectifier

3. Full-wave Rectifier
a) Centre tapped Full wave Rectifier
b) Bridge Rectifier

EE305. 26 - 27 5
 Fig 1

EE305. 26 - 27 6
 Construction:-

• It consists of

• a step down transformer.

• one diode D.

• And a load resistor RL in series with diode D.

EE305. 26 - 27 7
Working of half wave rectifier

During the positive half cycle of the input voltage the polarity
of the voltage across the secondary forward biases the diode.

As a result a current IL flows through the load resistor, RL. The

forward biased diode offers a very low resistance and hence
the voltage drop across it is very small.

Thus the voltage appearing across the load is practically the

same as the input voltage at every instant.

EE305. 26 - 27 8
During the negative half cycle of the input voltage the polarity
of the secondary voltage gets reversed. As a result, the diode
is reverse biased.

Practically no current flows through the circuit and almost no

voltage is developed across the resistor.

EE305. 26 - 27 9
The output waveforms of a half wave rectifier
EE305. 26 - 27 Fig 2 10
Disadvantages of half wave rectifier.

(i) The pulsating current in the load contains alternating

component whose basic frequency is equal to the supply
frequency.

(ii) Therefore, an elaborate filtering is required to produce

steady direct current.

(iii) The a.c supply delivers power only half the time.
Therefore the output is very low.

EE305. 26 - 27 11
Peak inverse Voltage:-

• It is the maximum reverse voltage that appears across a

diode in reverse bias condition.

• PIV of half wave rectifier is VP.

EE305. 26 - 27 12
Average voltage (dc voltage) Vavg or
Vdc for Half wave rectifier

Transformer voltage Vin = Vm sin ωt

 T
 Vm sin ω t for t ≤
2
v (t ) = 
0 T
 for < t < T
2

EE305. 26 - 27 13
Vdc or Vavg

T
1
Vdc =
T ∫ v(t )dt
0
π 2π
1
= [ ∫Vm sin ωt dt + ∫ 0dt ]
2π 0 π

Vm V
= [ − cos ω t ]π0 = m [ − cos(π ) − ( − cos 0)]
2π 2π
V V
= m [ −( −1) − ( −1)] = m = 0.318Vm
2π π
= 0.318( 2 )Vrms = 0.45Vrms

EE305. 26 - 27 14
RMS voltage V rms for Half wave rectifier
T  T
1 V sin ωt for t ≤
Vrms = ∫v
2 
( t ) dt  m
v (t ) =
2
T 0 0 for
T
<t <T

 2
T /2 T
1
=[ ∫ ωt d (ωt ) + ∫ ω
2 2 1/ 2
[ V sin 0 d ( t ) ]
2π
m
0 T /2
T /2
Vm2
=[ ∫ ω ω
2 1/ 2
sin t d ( t )]
2π 0

1
sin 2 ωt = (1 −cos 2ωt ), ωT = 2π, θ =ωt
2
π
Vm2
4π ∫
Vrms =[ (1 −cos 2θ) dθ]1/ 2

Vm2 1
=[ (t − sin 2θ) |π
0 ]
1/ 2

4π 2
Vm2 1 1
=[ (π − sin( 2π) −0 + sin 2(0)]1 / 2
4π 2 2
Vm2
=[ (π −0 −0 +0)]1 / 2
4π
V EE305. 26 - 27 15
= m
2
Ripple Factor = RMS value of the AC component/DC value
of the component
Vr
Ripple = rms
Vdc
2 2
Vrms − Vdc
=
Vdc
2

V 
=rms −1
Vdc 
2

Vm / 2 
=
Vm /



−1
π
π
 
= −1
2

2 
=
1.2114
EE305. 26 - 27 16
 Efficiency
η = (dc output power/ac input power) x 100%

η = Pdc/ Pac
2 2
Where Pdc = v dc /RL and Pac = v rms / RL

(Vm / π )
2 2
Vdc / RL 4
η= = = 2 = 0.406
2
Vrms / RL (Vm / 2) 2
π
or
η = 40.6%
EE305. 26 - 27 17
 Disadvantages of half wave Rectifier

• Output of the half wave rectifier is not pure d.c voltage.

• This requires elaborate filtering.

• The average value of the output is very low.

• The PIV is low.

• The ripple factor is greater than 1.

EE305. 26 - 27 18
 Summary

We have discussed about

• Power supply block diagram

• Types of rectifiers.

• Half wave rectifier working and disadvantages.

EE305. 26 - 27 19
 Quiz

1.Ripple Factor of a half Wave Rectifier is

a) 1.21 b) 0.48

c) 0.406 d) 0.816

EE305. 26 - 27 20
2.The Efficiency of half Wave Rectifier is

a) 81.6 % b) 40.6 %

c) 40.2 % d) 81.2 %

EE305. 26 - 27 21
3.The Peak Inverse Voltage of half Wave Rectifier is

a) VP b) 2 VP

c) 0.5 VP d) 4 VP

EE305. 26 - 27 22
 Frequently asked questions

• What is Power supply?

• What is rectifier?

• List the types of rectifiers?

• Draw the diagram of Half wave rectifier and Explain?

• Write the disadvantages of Half wave rectifier ?

EE305. 26 - 27 23