DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : B.Venkateshwara Rao
Designation : Lecturer in ECE
Branch : ECE
Institute : S.S.GPT,ZHB, Medak Dist.
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Electronics-I
Subject Code : EE-305
Topic : Power supplies.
Duration : 1 Hr 40 Minutes
Sub-Topic : Center Tapped Full wave
rectifier
Teaching Aids : Diagrams.

EE305.28TO29 1
 Objectives :

Upon completion of this period the student will be

able to know

1. Centre tapped full wave rectifier

2. Its working

3. Efficiency, ripple factor and PIV

EE305.28TO29 2
 RECAP
• Half wave rectifier provides only one half of the ac input
signal.

• Average value of the output voltage Vdc= Vm/π.

• The output is very low.

• Efficiency is low.

• Requires elaborate filtering.

EE305.28TO29 3
Circuit diagram of centre tapped full wave
rectifier

D1

D2

EE305.28TO29 4
Working of centre tapped rectifier

D1
During positive half cycle
B
C
Diode D1 conducts and D2 is open
circuited

During positive half cycle, current flows

through D1 ,load resistor RL and half of
the Secondary winding:

The current direction is as shown in

the diagram
EE305.28TO29 5
• The voltages at points A and B on the transformer
are changing in opposite directions.

• When A is increasing in a positive direction, B is

increasing negatively

• During the first half cycle, A is positive and B is

negative.

• D1 has positive on its anode and negative on its

cathode. Hence D1 is forward biased.
EE305.28TO29 6
• Current flows around the circuit formed by D1 diode,
the load and the transformer winding, as shown in the
second diagram.

• The current flowing down through the load produces a

pulse of voltage across the load as shown in the

waveform.

EE305.28TO29 7
Output waveform when D1 is in conduction

EE305.28TO29 8
During negative half cycle
A

Diode D2 conducts and D1 is open

B
circuited
C

During negative half cycle, current D2

flows through D2,load resistor RL and

half of the Secondary winding:

The current direction is as shown in

the diagram
EE305.28TO29 9
• During the next half cycle, A is •A
negative and B is positive.

•B
• D2 has positive on its anode and

•C
negative on its cathode. D2
forward biased.
• Current flows around the circuit
as shown in the diagram,

EE305.28TO29 10
Output waveform when D3 and D4 are in
conduction

EE305.28TO29 11
Input and output wave forms of Centre-tapped
FWR
• It can be observed that
current flows in the same
direction in both the cases
and the output is
unidirectional.

• the output in RL are

additive and appears as
shown.
EE305.28TO29 12
• In both cases the current flows in the same
direction through the load and produce another
pulse of voltage.

• Since the full cycle is used in this circuit the

circuit is called a FULL-WAVE rectifier

• Since there are two pulses for each cycle of input,

there are 100 pulses per second in the output.

EE305.28TO29 13
Advantages

• More dc output

• Continuity output current

• More efficiency

• Low Ripple factor ( low ac ripple)

EE305.28TO29 14
Disadvantages

• centre tapped transformer is required

• PIV is double that of HWR

• Bulky and more cost

EE305.28TO29 15
 Comparison with H.W.R

Centre tapped FWR HWR

• No. of diodes are two • One diode only

• PIV is 2Vm
• Bigger secondary of
transformer is required
• Ripple frequency is
Twice that of line
frequency
• PIV is Vm
• Secondary of
transformer requires
half windings for the
same voltage
• Ripple frequency is
equal to that of line
frequency

EE305.28TO29 16
 RMS Value of FWR

iL = I m Sinωt
RMS value of the voltage at
the load resistance is
1π 2 1π 2 2
I rms = ∫ iL d ( ωt ) = ∫ I m Sin ωtd ( ωt )
π0 π0
 I m2 π  1 − COS 2ωt 
=  ∫  d ( ωt )
 π 0  2 
π
 I  ωt Sin 2ωt
2

=   −
m

π  2 4 0

I m2 π Im
= . =
π 2 2
EE305.28TO29 17
Average Value of FWR

π
1
I dc = ∫ i d (ωt )
π 0
L

π
1
= ∫ I m Sinωtd ( ωt )
π0
Im π
= − Cosωt 0
π
Im 2I m
= ( +1 +1) =
π π
EE305.28TO29 18
Ripple factor of FWR

2
 I rms 
γ= 
I 
 −1
 dc 
2
 Im 
 
=  2  −1
 2I m 
 
 π 

 π 
2

=   −1
2 2 

= 0.482
EE305.28TO29 19
Efficiency of FWR
Efficiency of the rectifier
dc output power
η=
ac input power

The dc output power of FWR 2

 2I 
= m  RL
Pdc = I dc2 RL  π 

The ac input power of FWR 2

 Im 
Pac = I rms
2
( rd + RL ) =   ( rd + RL )
 2

EE305.28TO29 20
Efficiency of the FWR
dc output power
η=
ac input power
2
2 I m  8 1
  RL =
η=  π2  π2 
1 +
rd 

 Im   
 ( rd +RL )  RL 

 2

0.812
=
 rd 

1 + 

 R L 

81.2
%η = For ideal diode rd = 0
 rd 

1 + 
 then, efficiency η = 81.2
 RL 
EE305.28TO29 21
Summary
Im
RMS Value of FWR = = 0.707 I m
2
2Im
dc Value of FWR = = 0.636 I m
π

Ripple factor of FWR = 0.482

81.2
% Efficiency of for centre tapped FWR =
 rd 
1 + 
 RL 
81.2
% Efficiency of for Bridge FWR =
 2rd 
1 + 
 RL 
EE305.28TO29 22
QUIZ
• The efficiency of full wave rectifier is [C]
(c)40.6% (b) 82.1% (c) 81.2% (d) none
• No. of diodes required for centre tap full wave rectifier are
[b]
(e) one (b) two (c) three (d) four
• Ripple factor of full wave centre tapped rectifier is
(g)0.482 (b) 1.21 (c) 0.812 (d) 0.406 [a]
• PIV of full wave centre tapped rectifier is
• VP (b) 2Vp (c) Vp/2 (d) none [b]

EE305.28TO29 23
QUESTIONS

• What is ripple factor?

• Explain the full wave center tapped rectifier with neat circuit

diagram and wave forms?

Derive the efficiency of a full wave rectifier ?

• What is PIV of a diode? What is the significance of PIV ?

EE305.28TO29 24