Module 1:

Allocating IP
Addressing by
Using Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol
Overview

Multimedia: The Role of DHCP in the

Network Infrastructure
Adding and Authorizing the DHCP
Server Service
Configuring a DHCP Scope
Configuring DHCP Reservations and
Options
Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent
Multimedia: The Role of DHCP
in the Network Infrastructure

The objective of this

presentation is to provide a
high-level overview of DHCP
in the network infrastructure
At the end of this
presentation, you will be
able to:
 Explain what DHCP is
 Describe how DHCP works
 Explain how routers can
forward DHCP broadcast
packets
 Describe how a DHCP relay
Lesson: Adding and Authorizing
the DHCP Server Service

Why Use DHCP?

What Is Automatic Private IP
Addressing?
How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses
How the DHCP Lease Generation
Process Works
How the DHCP Lease Renewal Process
Works
How a DHCP Server Service Is
Authorized
Practice: Adding and Authorizing a
DHCP Server Service
Why Use DHCP?

DHCP reduces the complexity and amount of

administrative work by using automatic TCP/IP
configuration
Manual TCP/IP Automatic TCP/IP
Configuration
IP addresses are Configuration
• IP addresses are
entered manually
supplied automatically
IP address could be • Correct configuration
entered incorrectly
information is ensured
Communication and • Client configuration is
network issues can
updated automatically
result
• A common source of
Frequent computer
network problems is
moves increase
eliminated
administrative effort
What Is Automatic Private IP
Addressing?

APIPA automatically self-configures addresses

when there is no DHCP server available

Advantages Disadvantages
Serves as a DHCP Forces assignment of
server failover addresses typically not
mechanism for small used
networks
Conceals possible
Automatically assigns connectivity problems
an IP address in a
specific range Does not work outside
169.254.x.x subnet
Is not routable
How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses

DHCP Client2:
Non-DHCP Client: IP configuration
Static IP from DHCP server
configuration

Lease Renewal

Lease Generation

DHCP Server

DHCP Client1: DHCP

IP configuration Database
IP Address1: Leased to
from DHCP server DHCP Client1
IP Address2: Leased to
DHCP Client2
IP Address3: Available to
be leased
 How the DHCP Lease Generation
Process Works

DHCP
Server2

DHCP DHCP
Server1 Client

DHCP client broadcasts a

1 DHCPDISCOVER packet
DHCP servers broadcast a
2 DHCPOFFER packet
DHCP client broadcasts a
3 DHCPREQUEST packet
DHCP Server1 broadcasts a
4 DHCPACK packet
How the DHCP Lease Renewal
Process Works

DHCP
Server2

DHCP Client
DHCP
Server1
100%
50%
50% of
87.5% of
of
of
lease
lease
duration
duration
has
expired
expired
If the client
DHCP fails sends
Client
client to renew
sends a its lease,
it’s lease,after
a DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST after
1 packet
50%
87.5% ofof
the
thelease
lease duration
has expired,
has expired,
then the then
the DHCP
DHCP lease
DHCP lease
generation
Server1 renewal
sendsprocess
process
a DHCPACKstarts
will begin
over
2 packet
again after a87.5%
with DHCPof client
the lease
broadcasting
durationahas
expired
DHCPDISCOVER
How a DHCP Server Service Is
Authorized
If DHCP
DHCP Server1
Server1 finds
checks
itswith
IP address on the
the domain
list, the service
controller starts
to obtain a
Domai and
n list of supports
authorizedDHCP
DHCP
Contro clients
servers DHCP Server1
ller
Authoriz
Active ed
Direct Services
ory DHCP
requests
DHCP Server2
DHCP Client Unauthorized
DHCP
If DHCP Server2
Server2checks
doeswith
not Does not
DHCP client
thereceives
find its IP address on the IP
service DHCP
list, the address
domain controller
service doestonot
fromobtain
start authorized
and DHCP
a list of
support DHCP requests
authorized Server1
DHCP servers
DHCP authorization isclients
the process of registering the
DHCP Server service in the Active Directory domain to
support DHCP clients
Practice: Adding and
Authorizing a DHCP Server
Service

In this practice, you will:

Add a DHCP server
Authorize the DHCP Server
service
Lesson: Configuring a DHCP Scope

What Are DHCP Scopes?

Demonstration: Configuring a DHCP
Scope
What Are Superscopes and Multicast
Scopes?
What Is Network Monitor?
Practice: Configuring a DHCP Scope
What Are DHCP Scopes?

A scope is a range of IP addresses that are

available to be leased

DHCP Server

LAN A LAN B
Scope Scope
A B

Scope Properties
Network ID Lease Scope name
duration
Subnet mask Exclusion
Network IP range
address range
Demonstration: Configuring a DHCP
Scope

Your instructor will demonstrate how

to:
Configure a DHCP scope
Activate a DHCP scope
What Are Superscopes and
Multicast Scopes?

DHCP Server

LAN A LAN A
Scope A and
Scope B

DHCP Server

LAN A LAN B
Scope Scope
A B
What Is Network Monitor?

Network Monitor:
2 3 Captures a
sample of
network traffic
Uses filters to
select specific
1 packets
Decodes the
4 packets
Compiles
network
statistics
Practice: Configuring a DHCP Scope

In this practice, you will:

Configure two DHCP scopes
Configure a DHCP
superscope
Verify IP address allocation
by using Network Monitor
Lesson: Configuring DHCP
Reservations and Options

What Is a DHCP Reservation?

What Are DHCP Options?
Demonstration: Configuring DHCP
Reservations and Options
How DHCP-Server, Scope, and
Reserved-Client Options Are Applied
How DHCP Class-Level Options Are
Applied
Practice: Configuring DHCP
Reservations Options
 What Is a DHCP Reservation?

A reservation is a specific IP address, within

a scope, that is permanently reserved for
lease to a specific DHCP client
Workstat File and
ion 1 Print
Server

Subnet A Subnet B

DHCP
Workstat
Server
IP Address1: Leased to ion 2
Workstation 1
IP Address2: Leased to
Workstation 2
IP Address3: Reserved for File
and Print Server
What Are DHCP Options?

DHCP options are configuration

parameters that a DHCP server assigns to
clients

DHCP
Client
DHCP Client IP
Configuration Data
Client’s IP address
Client’s subnet mask
DHCP options

DHCP
Server
Demonstration: Configuring DHCP
Reservations and Options

Your instructor will demonstrate how

to:
Configure a DHCP reservation
Configure a DHCP server option
Configure a DHCP scope option
How DHCP-Server, Scope, and
Reserved-Client Options Are
Applied

DHCP File and

Server Window Print
s 98 Server

Scope A Scope B
Rout
er

Windows Windows
XP XP
DHCP option
DHCP option
applied at the
applied at the
reserved-client
server
scope level
level
level
How DHCP Class-Level Options Are
Applied

DHCP File and

Server Window Print
s 98 Server

Rout Rout
er er
Scope A Scope B

Windows Windows
XP XP

DHCP option
applied at the
class level
Practice: Configuring DHCP Options

In this practice, you will:

Configure and test a DHCP
reservation
Configure DHCP server and
scope options
Configure and test a new DHCP
user class
Lesson: Configuring a DHCP Relay
Agent

What Is a DHCP Relay Agent?

How a DHCP Relay Agent Works
How a DHCP Relay Agent Uses Hop
Count
How a DHCP Relay Agent Uses Boot
Threshold
Practice: Configuring a DHCP Relay
Agent
 What Is a DHCP Relay Agent?

A DHCP relay agent is a computer or router that

listens for DHCP/BOOTP broadcasts from DHCP
clients and then relays those messages
DHCP Relay DHCP
Agent Server

Unicast

Broadcast Broadcast
Subnet A Subnet B
Routers
(Non–RFC
1542
Compliant)
Clie Clie Clie Clie
nt nt nt nt
 How a DHCP Relay Agent Works

DHCP
DHCP Relay Agent
Server

Clien Clien
Clien t2 Router
Non-RFC 1542 Compliant
(Non–RFC Compliant)
t3
t1

1 Client1 broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet

Relay agent forwards the DHCPDISCOVER
2 message to the DHCP server
Server sends a DHCPOFFER message to the DHCP
3 relay agent
4 Relay agent broadcasts the DHCPOFFER packet

5 Client1 broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet

Relay agent forwards the DHCPREQUEST message
6 to the DHCP server
Server sends a DHCPACK message to the DHCP
7 relay agent
8 Relay agent broadcasts the DHCPACK packet
How a DHCP Relay Agent Uses Hop
Count

The hop count threshold is the number of

routers through which the packet can be
transmitted before it is discarded

DHCP Relay
Agent 2
Hop
Count = 2
DHCP Relay Agent 1

DHCP
Server
 How a DHCP Relay Agent Uses Boot
Threshold

The boot threshold is the time the DHCP relay

agent will wait for a DHCP server response
before forwarding the request

DHCP
Boot Server 2
Threshold
= 10
DHCP Relay Agent
seconds

Local DHCP
Server
DHCP
Server 3
Practice: Configuring a DHCP Relay
Agent

In this practice, you will:

Install and configure LAN routing
Configure a DHCP relay agent
Lab: Allocating IP Addressing by
Using Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol

In this lab, you will identify

and resolve common problems
in allocating IP addressing by
using DHCP