Contents

Introduction Nervous system of Cockroach 1) Central Nervous System: a) Brain b) Sub-oesophageal ganglia c) Circum oesophageal connectives d) Nerve cord 2) Peripheral Nervous System 3) Autonomic Nervous System Human Nervous system Central Nervous System a) Brain i) Procencephalon ii) Mesencephalon iii) Rhombencephalon b) Spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System i) Spinal nerves (31 pairs) ii) Cranial Nerves (12 pairs) Autonomic Nervous System i) Sympathetic N. S. ii) Parasympathetic N. S. Reflex action Types of receptors

Cockroach brain: Supra-esophageal ganglion: 1) Protocerebrum large, 2) Deutocerebrum smaller, 3) Tritocerebrum smallest,

Introduction
Nervous system of Cockroach
1) Central Nervous System:

a) Brain- Supra-esophageal ganglion: 1) Protocerebrum large, 2) Deutocerebrum smaller, 3) Tritocerebrum smallest,

b) Sub-oesophageal ganglia: c) Circum oesophageal connectives: d) Nerve cord:

2) Peripheral Nervous System 3) Autonomic Nervous System

Nervous system of Cockroach

It consists of
a) Brain- Supra-esophageal ganglion: 1) Protocerebrum large, 2) Deutocerebrum smaller, 3) Tritocerebrum smallest, b) Sub-oesophageal ganglia: c) Circum oesophageal connectives: d) Nerve cord:

Nervous system of Cockroach

1) Central Nervous System: a) Brain b) Sub-oesophageal ganglia c) Circum oesophageal connectives d) Nerve cord 2) Peripheral Nervous System 3) Autonomic Nervous System

Types of Nervous System

Human Nervous System A) Central Nervous System:

1) Brain: i) Prosencephalon (Fore brain) a) Rhinencephalon (Olfactory lobe) b) Telencephalon (Cerebrum) c) Thalamencephalon (Diencephalon) ii) Mesencephalon (Mid brain) a) Corpora qadrigemina (Optic lobe) b) Crura cerebri (Central peduncle) iii) Rhombencephalon (Hind brain) a) Metencephalon (Cerebellum) b) Pons verilli c) Mylencephalon (Medulla oblongata) 2) Spinal cord: StructureFunctions-

B) Peripheral Nervous System:

a) Cranial nerves (OLOPOT TAF AuG VAH) b) Spinal nerves (C-8, T-12, L-5, S-5, Cx-1)

c) Autonomic Nervous System

1) Sympathetic ANS 2) Parasympathetic ANS

Central Nervous System it consists of

1) Brain: i) Prosencephalon (Fore brain) a) Rhinencephalon (Olfactory lobe) b) Telencephalon (Cerebrum) c) Thalamencephalon (Diencephalon) ii) Mesencephalon (Mid brain) a) Corpora qadrigemina (Optic lobe) b) Crura cerebri (Central peduncle) iii) Rhombencephalon (Hind brain) a) Metencephalon (Cerebellum) b) Pons verilli c) Mylencephalon (Medulla oblongata) 2) Spinal cord: StructureFunctions-

Human Brain:
It is also called Encephalon It is 1350 grams in wt. and 1600 cc vol. It contain 100 billion neurons Each neuron connect to 25000 other neurons Brain contain 50% neurons and 50% neuroglial (binding / supportive cells) Brain used 20% body consumption of oxygen, 17% cardiac output and 40% glucose. It is protected in the skull cranium, which is internally lined by 3 layers called meninges. Inside the brain there is cavity called ventricles. Around the brain and spinal cord CSF is circulated.

Lobes of Human brain

Lobes of cerebrum

LOBES OF BRAIN

HUMAN BRAIN

Areas of Human brain

LATERAL VIEW OF BRAIN SHOWING VENTRICALS

Ventral view of Human brain

Sagital section of Human brain

Sagital section of Human brain

Sagital section of brain

It shows different parts of the brain and additional supportive structures Meninges outer protective covering of the brain made up of outer dura middle arachnoid and inner pia matter. Ventrcles these are the internal brain cavities, are of four i.e.1st and 2nd are lateral, 3rd and 4th CSF cerebrospinal fluid, which is secreted in the choroid plexus and suspended in the space

Sagital section of brain showing different layers of maninges

This section shows layers of meninges The brain lobe having sub arachnoid space, which is filled with csf.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMA) Braina) Procencephalon ( Fore brain) b) Mesencephalon ( Mid brain) c) Rhombencephalon ( Hind brain)

C) Spinal cordIt is long elongated thread like, passing through the vertebral canal and it is protected. It carry the information from body parts to the brain and vice versa 31 pairs of spinal nerves are originated from the spinal cord

T.S.OF SPINAL CORD SHOWING MENINGES

T.S. of Spinal cord

It consists of i) Dorsal horn ii) Ventral horn iii) White matter iv) Central canal v) Grey matter vi) Dorsal root ventral root vii) Dorsal root ganglion

Peripheral Nervous System

It consists of
A) Cranial Nerve : 12 pairs I) Olfactory : Sensory II) Optic : Sensory III) Occulomotor : Motor IV) Trochlear : Motor V) Trigeminal : Mixed VI) Abducens : Motor VII)Facial : Mixed VIII)Auditory : Sensory IX) Glossopharyngeal ; Mixed X) Vagus : Mixed XI) Acessory : Motor XII)Hypoglossus : Motor B) Spinal Nerves : 31 pairs i) Cervical 08 ii) Thoracic 12 iii) Lumber 05 iv) Sacral 05 v) Coccygeal - 01

Autonomic nervous system

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

This system has two branches i.e. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic both working in opposite directions their by achieving balance of the metabolic activities Sympathetic- this is thoraco-lumbar in origin, presynaptic nerves are short and post synaptic nerves are long
Parasympathetic this is cranio-sacral in origin, their presynaptic nerves are long and post synaptic nerves are short

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Reflex action

Reflex arc

Knee jerk (simple reflex action)

Reflex action

T.S. OF SPINAL CORD AND REFLEX ACTION

Different centers in the brain and their function

Receptors and Effectors Receptors: Types of Receptors 1) External receptors

i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) a) b) c) Mechanoreceptors - Cutaneous Chemoreceptors response to chemical Photoreceptors sensitive to change in intensity and wavelength of light. Phonoreceptors acousto-receptors / auditory Statoreceptors response to change in equilibrium Telereceptors which receive the stimuli arising from the body Proprioreceptors gives response to change in the position of body Visceroreceptors - enteroreceptors Baroreceptors stretch receptors

2) Internal receptors