INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

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Block diagram of cellular communication About BTS About BSC About MSC MODEMS

Block diagram of cellular communication

 When the subscriber makes the call the signal reaches the nearest BTS. BTS is nothing but a tower From BTS the signal reaches the BSC (exchange) Through BSC it is forwarded to MSC In MSC switching takes place and the same process reversed to reach the destination

 BTS means BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION BTS is a network component from which all the signals are transferred and received It is also called as a base station and commonly referred as Cell Phone Tower or Radio Base Station It is applicable in wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA etc

Various parts of BTS

There are 4 types of cards

1. 2. 3. 4. Power card Control card Alarm card CTU

POWER CARD
There are 4 power cards in BTS The basic function is to supply power to all other cards The input power supply to these cards in 48v dc Output voltage is divided as per requirement of other cards

CONTROL CARDS
It controls the function of all other cards It has another duplicate card Duplicate card works when the main cards fails working It requires the power supply of 5v, 12v, 24v dc

ALARM CARD
It requires the power supply of 5v, 12v,24v dc It works as an indicator It produces alarms during unconditional situations like > change in temperature > change in input voltage > damage in other cards > over load. Etc

CTU
CTU means compact transceiver unit It is the main card in BTS which monitors the signal It consists of 4 slots In each slot 8 channels are present In them 1 channel is dedicated for alert signaling and interference between channels Remaining 7 channels can be used at a time

BSC

 BSC stands for Base Station Controller It is nothing but an exchange Several BTS are connected to BSC Through BTS a 2Mbps cable is connected to BSC It works as a concentrator where many connections from BTS is reduced to smaller no of connections to MSC It provides all controlling functions and links between switching switch & base station

 It is responsible for handling and signaling between mobile phones The output of BSC signal is 16Kbps

MSC
MSC means mobile switching center

 Before MSC the signal enters to the transcoder

TRANSCODER Transcoding is the process of taking a audio file and changing it to a bit rate It converts the audio signal into 64Kbps signal

MAIN MSC
It is basically CPU of mobile network It controls calls to and from other telephones It co-ordinates several BSC It provides billing information It co-ordinates the location updates of mobile subscribers In MSC switching takes place and sends to corresponding BSC & BTS and finally to destination

MODEMS
A modem is nothing but a modulatordemodulator It is the device which modulates the digital data into analog data at transmitter And it also demodulates the digital information to analog information at receiver The main goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted and reproduced the signal easily

TYPES OF MODEMS
Modems are divided into two types : 1. Landline Modems 2. Wireless Modems

LANDLINE MODEMS They are connected to the public switched telephone network. To connect the PSTN a telephone cable is used

 Through exchange a telephone line is allocated to the modem The signal from exchange consists of both analog data and voice To split both a splitter is connected The voice signal is connected to telephone The analog data is connected to modem Modem demodulates the analog into digital and connected to PC

WIRELESS MODEMS Wireless modems are radio transmitters/receivers installed into mobile computing devices They are connected to laptops, mobile phones etc The best example of wireless modems is the Wi-Fi connection

Wi-Fi
In wireless network an adapter or USB is connected to the laptop of computer A wireless network uses radio waves just like cell phones, televisions and radios. A computer's wireless adapter translates digital data into a radio signal and transmits it using an antenna.

 The router receives the radio signal and decodes it into digital data After processing the signal the router again translating it into a radio signal and send it to the computer's wireless adapter The router sends the information to the Internet using a physical, wired Ethernet connection. Ethernet is a standard cable which used to link the computer to the internet

 Router & adaptor can transmit and receive radio waves, and they can convert 1s and 0s into radio waves and convert the radio waves back into 1s and 0s. The WiFi communication are very similar to cell phones. But they transmit at frequencies of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz. The higher frequency allows the signal to carry more data.

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