STATUS OF TRANSMISSION LINE

AND EXPANSION PLAN IN NEPAL

S. Rajbhandari
Components oI Power System
Electrical power system mainly consist oI three
systems or components:
Generating system
Transmission system
Distribution system
Generating system consists oI generating stations
or power houses where stored in various Iorms
(examples: water at height, heat energy in coal or
oil or nuclear energy in the atoms oI Iissionable
Iuels) are converted into electrical energy.
Components oI Power System contd.
Transmission system transmits electrical
energy in bulk, generally Irom generating
stations to the primary substations.
Distribution system is the system Irom
which electrical energy is distributed to
various consumers such as domestic,
commercial, industrial, non commercial etc.
NEA Transmission System
Grid (INPS) extends Irom east to west, ie.,
Anarmani- Mahendranagar
Major hydro stations connected to the grid.
GSS Capacity: 1310 MVA
132 kV line length: 2076 cct Km
66 kV line length: 586 cct Km
NEA Transmission System contd.
Principal voltage oI grid system is 132 kV.
Majority oI the lines constructed with
double circuit, except Ior Bardghat-Hetauda
section
Constructed with conductor # and
DUCK except Ior Bardghat-Hetauda and
Bharatpur-Pokhara
Single Line Diagram oI INPS
Single Line diagram, INPS

Lamosangu
Trishuli
Anarmani
M/ nagar
KGA
Modi
Butwal
MMRS
Bhrtpr
Htd
Parwanipur
ndia
Chapur Dhalke
Dubi
Lahan
Jhim
Lamai
Birgunj
Tanakpur
Integrated Nepal Power System
(INPS) Map
T T SCALE)
hy Transmission System Expansion ?
To provide greater reliability and capacity
To increase the ability to distribute
available power to meet existing and Iuture
demands
To meet NEA`s contractual obligation Ior
transmission with various power producers
To increase NEA`s ability to import/export
power
Transmission Development
BeIore 1985:
No systematic planning carried out.
Transmission expansion mainly by ED, tandem oI new
HEP.
Major transmission Projects (about 800 km)
Trishuli Balaju Hetauda Birgunj
Sunkoshi Patan
Gandak Bharatpur Hetauda
Devighat Chabel
Bardghat Butwal - Kohalpur
Hetauda Dhalkebar
Bharatpur Pokhara
Suichatar KL2 - Hetauda
Transmission Development contd.
Period Between 1985 - 1992
Transmission network planning started in 80s.
NEA Act implemented Ior eIIective monopoly
NEA Prepared and updated its corporate plan
Long term demand forecasting
LCGEP TSMP
Distr. PIan
Transmission Development, 85-92
NEA LCGEP, TSMP & DEP treated as
national plans.
NEA responsible Ior phased
implementation Grid interconnection
domestic or interdepartmental aIIair.
Major Transmission Projects during the period
(approx.500km :
Dhalkebar Duhabi Anarmani
Kohalpur Mahendranagar
Balaju Marshyangdi - Bharatpur
Transmission Development aIter 1992
Period aIter 1992:
New Electricity Act; Hydropower Development
Policy
IPPs have access to generation;
NEA the 7d owne7 and IPPs the 7d use7 Ior
existing grid.
Absence oI national Grid code led many issues
related to grid planning, expansion, operation,
interconnection to remain as grey areas.
Grid Interconnection no more interdepartmental
issue
Transmission Development aIter 1992
NEA Iaced Iour problems:
hat level oI generation development to be
considered/planned Ior transmission expansion?
IPPs have license throughout country.
hich expansion to be given priority?
hat perIormance standards to be adopted Ior
expansion planning?
Source oI Iunding. here does the money will
come Irom Ior transmission expansion?
Mismatched Triangle
NEA, IPPs and Government bodies
IPPs
Roles / responsibilities
As per Electricity Act
Single buyer market
Missing
Roles
Responsibilities
Functionalities
Structures
NEA
Roles and
Responsibilities as per
NEA Act
Monopoly operation
Forced to single buyer
Government bodies
MOR
ECS
DOED
Transmission Development aIter 1992
IPPs are awarded license wherever they apply Ior and
wish to develop power projects where they have
license Ior.
IPPs expect NEA to provide evacuation/
interconnection where they want.
Their proposals Ior power evacuation include:
either to break the existing trunk lines Ior
interconnection
or new transmission line to be constructed by
NEA.
Transmission Development aIter 1992
NEA reIuses:
interconnection that harm grid security
to add transmission capacity due to lack oI
Iunds.
Rigid stands taken by both NEA & IPPs helped to
create -ottlenecks o7 coneston.
Ultimately very little transmission expansion
realized. Such expansions include (approx. 345
km):
Transmission Development aIter 1992
Khimti Lamosangu Bhaktapur ( NEA)
Lekhnath Kaligandaki Butwal (NEA)
Chilime Trisuli (NEA)
Pathlaiya Parwanipur (NEA)
Bhotekoshi Lamosangu (Private)
Indrawati Paanchkhal (Private)
Jhimruk Lamahi (Private
Current Situation
The conIlicting interests created
transmission bottlenecks.
Transmission congestion in many sections
oI the INPS.
NEA transmission plan Iocuses on meeting
its internal demand and limited export.
The TSMP envisages a 220 kV backbone
Ior the purpose.
!#S
Western Area
M/ nagar
KGA
Modi
Butwal
MMRS
Bhrtpr
Htd
Jhim
Lamai
Tanakpur
Pokh
Lekh
Damau
Kawasoti
Bard
MRS
!#S
Central and East
Lamosangu
Trishuli
Anarmani
Htd
Parwanipur
ndia
Chapur Dhalke
Dubi
Lahan
Birgunj
Bharatpur
MRS
Transmission Line ReinIorcement Plan
S. No. Transmission lines Proposed year Status
1 Birgunj Corridor 132 kV 2006/07 abandoned
2 Butwal Sunauli 132 kV 2007/08 abandoned
3
Thankot-Chapagaon-Bhaktapur 132 kV
2007/08 Under const.
4 Khimti Dhalkebar 220 kV 2007/08 Under const.
5
Kohalpur-Lamahi-Shivpur-Butwal and Khimti
Dhalkebar second circuit stringing
2007/08 Planned
6 Hetauda-Bardghat 220 kV 2009/10
Under const. (Het-
Bharatpur)
7 Bardghat-Butwal 220 kV 2011/12 Planned
8 Hetauda-Thankot 220 kV 2011/12 Planned
9
Bharatpur-Hetauda 220 kV second circuit stringing
2011/12 Planned
Transmission Lines Planned/Proposed
Ior Power Evacuation
S. No. Transmission lines Proposed year Status
1 MiddleMarsyangdi-Marsyangdi 132 kV 2006/07 Completed
2 Kul III-Hetauda 132 kV 2008/09 abandoned
3
Upper Modi-Modi Khola 132 kV
2009/10 Planned
4 Madi I-Lekhnath 132 kV 2009/10 Planned
5
Chamelia-Ataria 132 kV
2010/11 Planned
6
Mewa -Tamor 132 kV
2010/11 Planned
7 Hewa-Kabeli 132 kV 2010/11 Planned
8 Lower Modi-Modi 132 kV 2010/11 Planned
9 Sanjen-Chilime 132 kV 2010/11 Planned
10 Upper Mars-Middle Mars 132 kV 2011/12 Planned
Transmission Lines Planned/Proposed
Ior Power Evacuation contd.
S. No. Transmission lines Proposed year Status
11 Kabeli-Duhabi 132 kV 2011/12 Planned
12
Upper Tamakosi-Khimti 220 kV
2012/13 Planned
13 Tamor-Kabeli 132 kV 2013/14 Planned
14 Kankai-Duhabi 132 kV 2013/14 Planned
15 Upper Karnali-Kohalpur 132 kV 2013/14 Planned
16 Upper Seti-Bharatpur 220 kV 2013/14 Planned
17 est Seti-Ataria 132 kV 2014/15 Planned
18 Likhu-Khimti 132 kV 2017/18 Planned
19 Rahughat-Pokhara 132 kV 2017/18 Planned
20 Dudh Kosi-Dhalkebar 220 kV 2018/19 Planned
21 Andhi khola-Butwal 132 kV 2020/21 Planned
22 Lamosanghu-Singati 132 kV T/L Planned
Planning Dilemma
For what capacity to plan the transmission
network? ho can expand transmission when
nobody knows what is required? For 83000 M /
42000 M? Or Ior 3200 MIor 2025/26?
Planning horizon?
Operational planning oI one year.
Medium term 1 to 5 years
Long term more than 5 years
here does the money come Irom iI NEA is to
satisIy IPPs` demand?
Over investment: low network utilization
Planning Dilemma contd.
Under investment: limit the use oI renewable,
increase congestion
A transmission system should have ample margin
to allow Ior contingencies and should deal with
the uncertainties oI long range Iorecasts.
A properly designed transmission system provides
a good distribution oI power Ilows by avoiding
excessive geographic concentrations oI generating
sources or transmission paths.
Planning Dilemma contd.
PerIormance standards provide the basis Ior
determining whether system response to the
contingency tests is acceptable. hat limits/
values to be adopted Ior these perIormance
standards: thermal, voltage, relay, stability and
short circuit.
The maintenance is another issue. An economic
network or maintain economy in the liIe cycle.
hat contingency levels to be Iollowed? N-1, N-2
or N-3?
Planning Dilemma contd.
Multiple contingency events include the loss oI:
A tower-line with three or more circuits
All transmission lines on a common right-oI-way
Any transmission station including associated
generation
All generating units at a power plant
A transmission line or transIormer when another
transmission line or transIormer is out
oI service
Development Options and Issues
Generation and Transmission expansion case oI chicken
or egg story.
For unhindered development oI transmission network,
Develop networks on the basis oI investment, ownership
and purpose :
INPS owned by Central Transmission Utility (CTU)
Commercial or merchant lines oI private companies
Cross border lines connected to INPS
Dedicated cross border lines
Development Options and Issues
ssue is who will, when and how plan
expansion, approve, implement and own it
and operate transmission systems
concerning above models.
Investment Ior speedy growth is another
issue.
Government should invest in transmission.
Economic Ieasibility instead oI Iinancial Ieasibility
Development Options and Issues
Shall we have a Central Transmission Utility (CTU)?
II we have a CTU then shall we have more than one
domestic transmission operators?
How shall we attract private investment in transmission?
How to Iix wheeling charges: M Miles, capacity
booked or postage stamp
Shall we issue transmission licenses anywhere,
everywhere like generation licenses?
Development Options and Issues
For what capacity shall we develop our network :
Shall we have separate domestic and export networks?
Or allow domestic network Ior sole export plants?
hat will be interIace oI domestic and export network,
AC Synchronous or HVDC back to back?
How shall we export internal surplus through domestic
network?
NEA as net integrator and nodal agency?
Generators themselves? (Use oI CTU network)
Trading companies (Use oI CTU network)
Transmission System Ior Future
Plan Ior a long horizon.
North South River basin plans:
Kosi Basin
Gandak basin
Karnali-Mahakali Basin
Southern East est Trunk Line
Mid Hill East est Trunk Line
Export System
"erall !#S Scheme
(Courtesy: S.S. Bhat
Modi
Damauli
Lamki
Butwal
Kathmandu Khimti
Dhalkebar
Duhabi Hetauda
Bharatpur
Trishuli
Basin Transmission !,3
(Courtesy: S.S. Bhat
= km
MPP to Trunk Line : 3= km
SPP to SPP or MPP: 3= km
Mini PP to Mini PP or SPP or MPP : =3 km
We are pulling orth South lines for each P/S
Mini Pooling Point
Sub Pooling Point
Main Pooling Point
Mid hill
trunk
line
Southern
Trunk line
Ihcnk Ycu