Math des frquences Radio

Frquence vs longueur donde

Inverse square law

Watt
A watt is the basic unit of power (puissance), and power is related to energy (energie). However, power is a rate, and energy is a quantity. The formula for power is P = DE / Dt DE is the amount of energy transferred (in Joules) Dt is the time interval over which that energy is transferred. Example: One Joule of energy is transferred in one second, this is one watt (W) of power

Calculating dB
The formula for calculating dB is as follows: dB = 10 Log (Pfinal/Pref) dB = The amount of decibels. This usually represents a loss in power, as the wave travels or interacts with matter, but it can also represent a gain, as when traveling through an amplifier. Pfinal = The final power. This is the delivered power after some process has occurred. Pref = The reference power. This is the original power.

Decibel Reference
dB milliWatt (dBm) unit of measurement for signal strength or power level. dB dipole (dBd) the gain an antenna has, as compared to a dipole antenna at the same frequency. A dipole antenna is the smallest, least gain practical antenna that can be made. dB isotropic (dBi) the gain a given antenna has, as compared to a theoretical isotropic, or point source, antenna. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) the effective power found in the main lobe of a transmitter antenna. It is equal to the sum of the antenna gain, in dBi, plus the power level, in dBm, into that antenna. Gain the amount of increase in energy that an antenna appears to add to an RF signal. Cisco Aironet wireless is standardized on dBi to specify gain measurements. Some antennas are rated in dBd. To convert any number from dBd to dBi, simply add 2.14 to the dBd number.

Rule of 10s and 3s

Conversion dbm/mw

Conversion chart dbm/mw

http://www.wifisafe.fr/conversion_unidades .php dBm and mWatt are absolute measure dB is relative expression or measure

Gain in dB
To calculate gain in dB:
Lets say Power out (Tx) =1 mW and Power in (Rx) = 1000 mW

That means we have a gain of 10+10+10=30 dB

2x amplification rule of 3s

2x attenuation rule of 3s

10x amplification rule of 10

10x attenuation (rule of 10)

Rule of 3s and 10s

Une augmentation de 3 dB correspond approximativement doubler la puissance, ce qui signifie que 3 dBm quivalent environ 2 mW. Une diminution de 3 dB, la puissance est rduite de moiti environ, ce qui fait que -3 dBm correspond environ 0,5 milliwatt

Une augmentation de10 dBm correspond une

multiplication de 10 mW.

Une dimunition de10 dBm correspond une division de 10 mW.

Math problem

IR
The Intentional Radiator consists of all the components from the transmitter to the antenna but not including the antenna.

EIRP
Equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is the highest RF signal strength that is transmitted from a particular antenna.

RSSI
The Received Signal Strength Indicator is an optional 802.11 parameter with a value from 0 to 255. It is designed to be used by the hardware manufacturer as a relative measurement of the RF power that is received. The RSSI is one of the indicators that is used by a wireless device to determine if another device is transmitting.

Free space path loss

- FSPL = 36.6+(20Log10(f))+(20Log10(D))
FSPL=Path loss in dB f= frequency in MHz D= distance in miles between antennas
- FSPL

= 32.4+(20Log10(f))+(20Log10(D))

FSPL=Path loss in dB f= frequency in MHz D= distance in Kilometers between antennas

Link Budget
The system operating margin (SOM), also known as link budget, is the calculation of the amount of RF signal that is received minus the amount of signal required by the receiver.