Classification of Matter:

Pure Substance or Mixture?

 Pure Substances
• Substances which have unique,
identifying properties are called pure
substances.
• There are two types of pure
substances:
– Elements
– Compounds
 Element

• This is a
platinum
Gundam
stature worth
$250,000.
• Platinum (Pt) is
an element.
 Compound
• This is the structure
of ascorbic acid
(vitamin C)
• Foods high in
vitamin C include
green peppers,
broccoli, cabbage,
lemons, oranges,
grapefruit, tomatoes
and potatoes.
What is the difference between an
element and a compound?
• An element is a pure substance which
is composed of only one type of atom.
All of the elements are listed on the
periodic table.
• A compound is a pure substance which
is composed of more than one type of
element.
 What are some examples of
elements and compounds?
• Some examples of elements include
oxygen (O), carbon (C), iron (Fe), gold
(Au), and fluorine (F).
• Some examples of compounds include
water (H2O), sugar (C12H22O11), rust
(Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl).
Carbon - an element
Copper Sulfate - a compound
 More About Compounds
• The properties of compounds are
different from the properties of the
elements which compose them.
• Compounds can be decomposed into
elements only by chemical reactions,
they can not be physically separated.
Chlorine
 Example
• Sodium is an element that is a silvery
gray metal and is also neutral.
• Chlorine is an element is a neutral
greenish-yellow, poisonous, diatomic
gas (Cl2).
 More About Compounds
• Compounds have a definite chemical
composition identified with a chemical
formula.
• For example, the ratio of the number of
oxygen atoms to hydrogen atoms in any
sample of water is always 1 to 2.
 Mixtures
• When two or more component
substances which retain their own
identifying properties, the matter is
classified as a mixture.
• Mixtures do not have a definite
composition. The components of a
mixture may be in any ratio.
– You can have sweet tea that has a lot of
sugar or sweet tea with less sugar.
 More About Mixtures
• A mixture can be separated physically
because the components of the
mixtures have different physical
properties.
• Procedures for separating mixtures
include: dissolving, filtering,
evaporating, decanting, magnetic
separation, separating by particle size,
or chromatography.
Decanting
 What are the two groups that
mixtures can be classified into?
• Mixtures can be heterogeneous or
homogeneous.
• Heterogeneous mixtures do not have
the components distributed evenly
throughout. The different components
are easy to see in a heterogeneous
mixture.
 Homogeneous Mixtures
• Homogeneous mixtures have
components distributed evenly
throughout.
• Solutions are homogeneous mixtures in
which the components are close to the
size of individual particles of the
substance (atoms, molecules, or ions)
Homogeneous or
Heterogeneous?
Mixtures can occur between and
among all phases of matter.
• Mixtures can be:
– Gas/gas (air)
– Gas/liquid (oxygen in water)
– Liquid/liquid (alcohol in water)
– Liquid/solid (sugar in water)
– Solid/solid (alloy such as steel)
Steel
Molecules and Compounds

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 Mixtures

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