CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY (MATERIAL) (QSM 402)

PREPARED BY:

ASRUL AZHAR BIN ABDUL RAHMAN NIK FARAH HUSNA BT NIK HUSSEIN MOHAMAD RADZI BIN ROSIDDIN IZA AZREENA BT ASHRI HASANAH BT MOHAMMAD HANAFI NAZIRA AINI BT ZAKARIA

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The building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar. The unit also can be called as masonry.
Wide variety of shapes, looks, and feels Commonly used for the walls of buildings, retaining walls and monuments.

materials such as brick and stone can increase the thermal mass of a building Brick usually does not require painting , reduce cost. more resistant to projectiles, such as debris from hurricanes tornadoes useful life of more than 500 years

Extreme weather will degrade the masonry surfaces

heavy and must be built upon a strong foundation

BLOCKS MASONRY
Blocks Masonry

KEYED SURFACES

HOLLOW BLOCKS

CELLULAR BLOCKS

FACE BRICK

CLINKER BRICK

PRESSED BRICK

GLAZED BRICK

FIRE BRICK

CORED BRICK

SAND LIME

MUD BRICKS

 RUBBLE MASONRY

ASHLAR MASONRY

Some Common Igneous Rocks

Name Image Color Texture

Granite

Pink/Gray

Intrusive

Gabbro

Dark Gray to
Black Light Pink or

Intrusive

Rhyolite Gray Basalt Dark Gray to Black Usually Dark Obsidian Colored Scoria Dark Colored

Extrusive

Extrusive

Extrusive

Extrusive

composed of : quartz, feldspar, igneous rock

mica, and usually hornblende

forms as magma cools far

Slow hardening allows crystals of the four minerals under the earth's surface.

to grow large enough to be seen by naked eyes

excellent material for building bridges and buildings

quarried

Slow hardening allows crystals

of the four minerals

to grow large enough to be seen by naked eyes

Engravings in the granite determine its value

attractive appearance

effective barrier to sound

fire resistance and wind

aesthetic appeal

safety and economy

minimum maintenance

earthquake resistance

Exterior load-bearing walls (below and above grade) Interior load-bearing or non load bearing walls Fire walls, party walls, curtain walls Partitions, panel walls, solar screens Backing for brick, stone, stucco, and other exterior facings Veneer or nonstructural facing for wood, concrete, or masonry Fire protection of structural steel members Piers, pilasters, columns Bond beams, lintels, sills Floor and roof systems Retaining walls, slope protection, ornamental garden walls, and highway sound barriers Chimneys and fireplaces Catch basins, manholes, valve vaults Paving and turf block

Thermal movement Structure Specific gravity Strength Fire resistance

Appearance

Weight

Workability

Hardness

Weathering Seasoning

Toughness Porosity & absorption

Mortar Mixes Bricks, blocks and stone are bedded in and jointed with mortar.
A good mortar spreads readily, remains plastic while bricks are being laid to provide good bond, between bricks and mortar, resists frost and acquires early strength.

Type of mortars

Lime mortar ( lime & sand )

Cement lime / gauged mortar ( cement & lime )

Cement mortar ( cement & sand )

Trowel
Philadelphias Trowel

Londons Trowel

Masons hammer

Brushes

Blocking chisel

Mashing hammer.

Level

Masons line