CELL STRUCTURE

First section
Microscopy Cell membrane Transport across cell membrane

Histology : is the science dealing with the microscopic anatomy of the tissues.

Types of microscopes.

Types of Microscopes

ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

OPTICAL SYSTEM (lenses)

classified according to
(source of light)

The Light Microscope

Illumination:
Day light (mirror) Electric light

Optical Lenses:
- Glass lenses

Specimens:
- fixed, stained cell or tissue slides

LM consists of : 1- Illuminating system ;day or electric light with a condenser lens

2-The optical system: consists of two sets of lenses; an objective lens (magnifying powers X10, X40, X100) that provides initial magnification

and an ocular one called the eye piece (magnifying powers X5, X10, X15) that magnifies the primary image a second time

Total magnification is obtained by multiplying the magnifying power of the objective and ocular lenses. The maximum total magnification reached by the light microscope is 1500 times when using an oil immersion lens.

Transmission Electron Microscope

Illumination:
Beam of electrons

Lenses:
Electromagnetic plates

Specimens:
Ultrathin, stained with uranyl acetate &lead citrate (heavy metals), mounted on copper grids

Scanning Electron Microscope

Illumination:
Beam of electrons

Lenses:
Electromagnetic plates

Specimens:
Small, untrimmed, coated with carbon vapour and gold (heavy metals), mounted on large copper stubs.

Light microscope Source of light Lenses Magnification Size of specimen Day or electric Light Glass lenses Up to X1500 In cm

Electron microscope Beam of electrons Magnetic fields Up to X100.000 In mm

Heavy metals (lead citrate, osmium tetroxide) Microphotograph according to the Only black and stain white

Staining

Any stain

T E Micrograph

Scanning Electron Micrograph

(endothelial cells lining an artery)

Cell structure

Components of cell membrane

Lipids

proteins

Cell coat(CHO)

phospholipids

cholesterol

integral

peripheral

glycolipid

glycoprotein

Cell membrane

Cell membrane

Cell membrane

Cell membrane

Fluid mosaic model

Transport across the cell membrane

Transport of macromolecules (vesicular transport).

Transport of small molecules.

Exocytosis

Endocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis

Regulated secretion

Constitutive secretion

pinocytosis

phagocytosis

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Formative Assessment
Cell membrane & Transport

1- Channels in the cell membrane are formed by :

A- Lipids B- Carbohydrates C- Integral membrane proteins D- Peripheral membrane proteins

2-The components of the plasma membrane are:

A- Protein B- Carbohydrate C- Lipids D- Cholesterol E- All of the above

Name the labeled structures 1, 2 and 3

Answers
1-C-integral membrane proteins 2-E-All of the above 3-glycolipid, transmembrane protein, glycoprotein