SHUBHAM AGRAWAL B.Tech (E&C) ROLL NO.

08EUDEC101 UDML College of Engineering Kukas, Jaipur

 Broadcasting Day 12 Nov 1947

Doordarshan Start in 1959 (B&W) Upgrah Doordarshan Kendra (UDK) 1977

Transmitter Used 10 Kw, 100Kw, 500Kw.

Transmitter used in Jaipur 5 Kw. Signal Coverage Area

1. 65 Km Primary (Approx)
2. 75 Km Secondary (Approx)

Omni Directional Pattern

 An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer

designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. In other words, antennas convert electromagnetic waves into electrical currents and vice versa
Transmitting Antenna

Electrical signal

Electromagnetic wave

Receiving Antenna

1. Select audio out put of required equipment

2. Mix outputs before feeding to an amplifier
Microphone -70 dBm
connector

-70 dBm

Fader

0 dBm VTR Room/Feeds

70 dB

Pad
0 dBm 70 dB

-70 dBm

M I X E R
Loss 12 dB

-82 dBm O/P

VCD/DVD Etc.

Pad

-70 dBm

 Isotropic antenna (idealized)

Radiates power equally in all directions

Dipole antennas

Half-wave dipole antenna (or Hertz antenna) Quarter-wave vertical antenna (or Marconi antenna)

Parabolic Reflective Antenna

Ground-wave propagation

Sky-wave propagation
Line-of-sight propagation

 Safety

Standard operating procedure priority

Grounding

Lightning strikes

Static charges
Surge protection

Lightning

searches for a second path to

ground

Components of Audio Chain 1. Microphones

2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

VCD / DVD Audio

Live Feeds Satellite Feeds Studio Console Switching Console / Master Switching Console Microwave Link Etc

Uplink

Downlink

Earth station

Frequency band C-band X-band Ku-band Ka-band

Up Link 6 GHz 8 GHz 14 GHz 30 GHz

Down Link 4 GHz 7 GHz 11 GHz 20 GHz

The most widely used narrow beam antennas are reflector antennas. The shape is generally a paraboloid of revolution. For full earth coverage from a geostationary satellite, a horn antenna is used. Horns are also used as feeds for reflector antennas. A small earth terminal, the feed horn is located at the focus or may be offset to one side of the focus. Large earth station antennas have a sub reflector at the focus. In the Cassegrain design, the sub reflector is convex with an hyperboloid surface, while in the Gregorian design it is concave with an ellipsoidal surface.

A Typical Uplink PDA

 The word DSNG means DIGITAL SATELLITE NEWS

GATHERING. it is just like a Digital Earth Station. Programme may be up-linked through DSNG from any place. Its up-linking chain have a MPEG-2 Encoder, Modulator, Up-converter, wave guide mechanism and PDA.

 Types of TV transmitters
Based on POWER: VLPT/Transponser (10W)

LPT (100W, 300W, 500W)

HPT (1kW, 10kW, 20kW)

Based on FREQUENCY: VHF

UHF

Band I

Type of Frequency VHF

Frequency (MHz) 40 68

Bandwidth 7 MHz

TV Channels 1-4

Remarks Channel 1 & 2 not used Used for FM Radio XTR -

II III IV V

VHF VHF UHF UHF

88 - 108 174 - 230 470 - 606 606 - 798

100 kHz 7 MHz 8 MHz 8 MHz

5 - 12 21 - 37 38 - 61

 About OB VAN
1. This is mainly used for outside Broadcasting

for all live telecasting. 2. In this VAN sound mixing and video mixing facilities are available. 3. Mainly used for Cricket, Hocky and other games live coverages.

TYPES OF COVERAGES CULTURAL PROGRAMS

CEREMONIAL FUNCTIONS
ORGANISED EVENTS

SPORTS EVENTS