The Civil War

Characters and Battles

Contents:
The Battle of Fort Sumter The Battle of Bull Run Ulysses Grant (Union General) Stonewall Jackson (Confederate General) Civil War Military Uniforms

The Battle of Fort Sumter

Date: April 12-14, 1861 Location: Charleston County, South Carolina. (Fort Sumter) Forces: Union-80 Confederates-500 Casualties: Union- 1 killed during surrender, 3 wounded Confederates- 0 Commanders: Union- Robert Anderson Confederacy- P.G.T. Beauregard Outcome: Confederate victory, Essentially the start of the Civil War

Cause of the Battle

South Carolina secedes from the Union and joins the Confederacy. The CSA starts to take control of Union forts in southern states. Confederate guns fire on Union supply ships going to Fort Sumter. Northern governors begin to train militias and buy weapons for war. South Carolinians offended by U.S. troops being in Confederate territory (Fort Sumter).

Events of the Battle

Union supply ships moving into Charleston Harbor are fired upon by Confederate guns.
General P.G.T Beauregard announces that Fort Sumter will be fired upon at 4:00 AM. Guns open fire at 4:40. Union General Anderson orders men to not take unnecessary risks. A cannon round hits the officers quarters and sets fire to Fort Sumter

Around 2 PM, General Anderson agrees to a truce on one condition. The Confederate soldiers are forced to salute the American flag with a 100 gun salute. A pile of gun cartridges blows up and kills one Union soldier.

Significance

Started the Civil War Confederates gained Fort Sumter Gave the Confederates confidence that they would defeat the Union Union lost ability to control shipping in Charleston. General Anderson is appointed to brigadier general.

The Battle of Bull Run

Names: Union: The Battle of Bull Run Confederates: The First Battle of Manassas Date: July 21, 1861 (5 hour battle) Location: Near Manassas, Virginia (Confederate state) Forces: Union- 28,000 Confederates- 21,000 Casualties: Union- Around 2,900 Confederates- 2,000 CommandersUnion- Irvin McDowell Confederates- Joseph Johnson & P.G.T Beauregard Outcome- Confederate victory

Cause of the Battle

The loss of Fort Sumter and the attack on Union troops Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress the rebellion Union General Winfield Scott is ordered to advance into Southern territory Scott attempts to attack Richmond, Virginia

Scott orders General McDowell to advance on troops near Manassas

Events of the Battle

General McDowell attacks soldiers on Matthews Hill

Confederate forces are driven back to Henry Hill

Confederate General Jackson stands and holds out against Union soldiers while others retreat Confederate reinforcements break the Union flank Union army retreats Confederate troops victorious, but are too disorganized to pursue the Union soldiers

Significance
First big land battle of the Civil War
Confederate General Jackson earns the name Stonewall for holding out against the Union attack

The Union army is nearly destroyed

Union General McDowell is relieved of command

Lincoln is convinced that the war will be long and costly to the Union
People realize the reality of the war

General Ulysses Grant

Full Name: Hiram Ulysses Grant

April 27, 1822- July 23, 1885 Born in Point Pleasant, Ohio Died in Mount McGregor, New York Known as a soldier of the Union Army and the 18th President of the United States

Ulysses

Grew up on a farm
Graduated from West Point Served under Zachary Taylor (President) in the MexicanAmerican War Joined the Civil War as a colonel Captured Fort Donelson (First major win for Union)

Promoted to major general

Made commander of all Union armies in March of 1864

Accepted Lees surrender at Appomattox , Virginia on April 9, 1865

Served as Secretary of War Served as the 18th President

During the Civil War

In the Civil War, Grant joined as a colonel. He captured Fort Donelson, Tennessee which was the first major Union victory. He was promoted to major general. He was victorious in several other battles. In 1864, he was made the commander of all Union forces. He forced General Lee to surrender at Appomattox, Virginia.

After the War

After the Civil War, Grant served as Secretary of War. He was elected to run as President by the Republican party. He ran against Horatio Seymour and won. During his presidency, Grant did not accomplish much and there were many scandals during his presidency. He has been considered to be one of the worst presidents in American history. After writing a memoir, he died on July 23, 1885 of throat cancer.

Significance during the Civilis Yankee I only know two tunes. One of them War
Doodle and the other isnt. -General Grant
Grant was a very good military man. He led the Union to victory and without him, the Union would have struggled to protect the North. His quote showed his dedication to the Union and the war. As president, Grant was not very good. He did not accomplish much and his victory in the war was shadowed by his presidency. The five scandals gave people a bad view of Ulysses Grant as a president.

Name: Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson

January 21, 1824- May 10, 1863

Born in Clarksburg, Virginia Died in Guiney's Station, Virginia

Second most well known Confederate general after General Lee

Jackson
Was orphaned
Taught a slave to write as a child
Became a drill master during The Civil War
Received his nickname for reinforcing Confederate lines during the First Battle of Bull Run Defeated the Union in the Valley Campaign and served under Lee in a battle Fought in the Second Battle of Bull Run and in The Battle of Chancellorville

Went to West Point

Active in the MexicanAmerican War Revered by slaves even though he was a Confederate

During the Civil War

Jackson was given a brigade after being made a brigadier general. At the First Battle of Bull Run, he was promoted to Major General. Joined in the Valley Campaign, defeated part of John Frmonts forces and nearly made his way to Washington D.C. He then, joined General Lee in The Battle of Chancellorville. Jackson disappointed General Lee at first, but he redeemed himself by crushing the Union forces Lee promoted Jackson to Lieutenant General and they attacked the rest of the Union soldiers in Virginia. They were able to advance through the night. Seeing Jackson and thinking he was a Union soldier, a Confederate soldier shot Thomas Jackson, who died after pneumonia set in.

The Impact of his Life and Death on the War

Jackson was a top military commander throughout the war. Many theorists state that, if he lived, Lee might have won at Gettysburg. People in the South mourned his loss. General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons last words were, Let us cross over the river and rest in the shade of the trees. Although people think he was suffering from illness, Jackson could be referencing death and ,being a religious man, going to heaven.

Uniforms of the Civil War

Different Uniforms
Uniforms were provided by the states during the beginning of the Civil War Were confusing since uniform colors werent the same Soldiers accidentally fired at each other because of the uniform colors Blue became the official Union uniform color Gray became the official Confederate color

Similarities
Used buttons and stars to identify ranks
Similar designs Originally, the colors were both blue High ranking soldiers wore different uniforms from the other soldiers

Differences
Union colors became blue and Confederate colors became gray
Colors for identifying military branches were different Designs became different over time Confederates did not carry as much supplies

Impact on the War

The Union and Confederates were recognized by the blue and gray. The uniforms were strategic and sometimes confusing to soldiers. They had an impact that the soldiers wearing them often didnt realize.

Bibliography
"The Battle of Fort Sumter." The Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/battle-fort-sumter.htm>. "The First Battle of Bull Run, 1861." EyeWitness to History - history through the eyes of those who lived it. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/bullrun.htm>. "WikiAnswers - When did the First Battle of Bull Run end." WikiAnswers - The Q&A wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_First_Battle_of_Bull_Run_end> . "the battle of fort sumter - Google Search." Google. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://www.google.com/search?q=the+battle+of+fort+sumter&hl=en&safe=a ctive&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=fPwHTPcWkOI1itHotQQ

Bibliography Continued
"Battle Summary: Fort Sumter, SC." U.S. National Park Service - Experience Your America. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/sc001.htm>.

"Battle of Bull Run or Manassas." Oracle ThinkQuest Library . N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://library.thinkquest.org/3055/graphics/battles/bullrun.html>.
"Battle of Fort Sumter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter>. "First Battle of Bull Run." The Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/battle-bull-run.htm>. "First Battle of Bull Run - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., 3 June 2010. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run>. "First Battle of Bull Run, Manassas Virginia Civil War Battle EncycloMedia.com." Free Video Clips - Streaming Online Videos - EncycloMedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://www.encyclomedia.com/first_battle_of_bull_run.html>. "The Battle of Fort Sumter." War of the Rebellion. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://www.mycivilwar.com/battles/610412.htm>.


" "Let us cross over the river, and rest under the shade of the trees." ." Consumer Reviews - RateItAll . N.p., n.d. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://www.rateitall.com/i-44512-.aspx>. Stonewall Jackson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson>. "Stonewall Jackson Quotes." The Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/Stonewall_Jackson_Q uotes.htm>. "Stonewall Jackson. Online Resources from the VMI Archives.." Virginia Military Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant>."Uniforms of the Union Army - LoveToKnow Uniforms." Work Uniforms | Nursing Uniforms | Civil War Uniforms. N.p., 17 Jan. 2006. Web. 13 June 2010.