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SC Standard 6-5.5
RADIATION
- thermal energy that is transferred in the form of (electromagnetic) rays or waves and can occur in solids, liquids, or gases.
Radiation (cont.)
All objects emit radiation, but hot objects emit more than cool objects. The hotter the object, the more radiation it emits.
Radiation (cont.)
There is NO TOUCHING of the object, you can feel the thermal energy without touching it. (emit means gives off) example: energy from the sun by rays or heat from a fire.
CONDUCTION
-the direct transfer of thermal energy that occurs when molecules bump into one another when two substances are touching. When fast moving molecules (warmer object) bump into slower moving molecules (cooler object) it transfers some of its energy..
Conduction (cont.)
The closer together the molecules in a substance are, the more effectively they can conduct heat.
Conduction (cont.)
It works well in solids such as metals where the molecules are closer together (because they only have to move a short distance to bump into each other), but not as well in gases or liquids. Thermal energy ALWAYS travels from HOT to COLD! example: hot sand/pavement transferring to your feet when you walk on it, or ice melting in your hand
CONVECTION
the transfer of thermal energy by the flow of gases or liquids. In gas and liquids, molecules can move much more easily than they can in a solid, as a result, the more energetic molecules can travel from one place to another, and carry their energy along with them.
Convection (cont.)
example: pot of water boiling (because the molecules are farther apart in the warm water, this water is less dense than the cooler water. As a result, the warm water rises and is replaced at the bottom of the pot by cooler water.) or water in a bath tub, preheating an oven.