AN INTEGRATED VIEW OF SLA

GASS & SELINKER, CHP. 14

WHAT WEVE COVERED

Connectionism Construction of Grammar Information Processing Monitor Model

Output Hypothesis
Memory Interaction Hypothesis Sociocultural Theory

IS LANGUAGE INNATE?
Unlimited grammar built from limited data one needs to isolate the linguistic system and investigate it in and of itself without external influences Is this really possible?? Ex. Korean honorification

KOREAN HONORIFICATION & SPEECH LEVELS

Honorification distinguishes someone as socially superior.

Speech level refers to the situation in which language is used.

HONOROFICS
Examples a. ku salam-i ka-ss-ta that person-NOM go-PAST-DECL That person went.

b. ku pwun-i ka-si-ess-ta that person(HON)-NOM go-HON-PAST-DECL

c. ku salam-i ka-ss-upni-ta that person-NOM go-PAST-POL-DECL d. ku pwun-i ka-si-ess-upni-ta that person(HON)-NOM go-HON-PAST-POL-DECL

APPERCEIVED INPUT
not everything that a learner hears/reads is used as form their L2 grammars. the

What limits this phenomena, what determines the

limits?

Apperception is the process of understanding by which newly observed qualities are related to past experiences.

PRIMING DEVICE
Apperception tells us what to attend to can you come up with a metaphor to describe this? Selective attention: without it, grammar development does take place.

WHAT IS NOTICED?
Frequency Infrequency Ive never heard it like that before Affect social distance Prior knowledge something to anchor new knowledge Attention allows us to recognize the mismatch

COMPREHENSIBLE VS. COMPREHENDED

Who does the work to understand? Comprehensible = speaker (NS), comprehended = (NNS) listener

Semantic

Syntax Phonology Segments Syllables Prosody Discourse Pragmatics Vocabulary

Structural

AI VS. CI
Apperceived input prepares learner for subsequent analysis highlights pieces of language. Comprehension involves analyzing the highlighted pieces of input. OMG Korean has 3 voiceless bilabial stops (apperception). This one means grass, this one horn, this one means fire. SLA/Pedagogical theme perception -> comprehension, before production

and

INPUT
Is there a difference between input analyzed at the level of meaning and of syntax? Yes only formal analysis can lead to intake

INTAKE
What mediates comprehended input and what is important for intake?

MAJOR PROCESSES OF INTAKE

Formation Testing Rejection Modification

Confirmation

THE FATE OF INPUT

Input is

Used to reject or confirm hypotheses (leads to integration) Rule strengthening (integration) Storage undecided nonuse

INTEGRATION
Factors that affect it Pre-existing knowledge (schema) Universal factors apperception

OUTPUT
1. 2. 3. Feedback loop output plays a role in hypothesis testing. How important is feedback? Forces syntactic analysis on language. Output the learners grammar a number of factors affect what we actually hear Personality, context variety, channel, etc