MADE BY:

Nidhi Dedhia Prachi Mehta Ketan Ghadge Purvisha Italiya Saishraddha Uchil

A computer network is an interconnection of various computer systems located at different places Two or more computers are linked together with a medium and data communication devices for the purpose of communicating data and sharing resources

The computer that provides resources to other computers on a network is known as server.
Individual computers in the network, which access shared network resources, are known as nodes.

Establishing goals. Analyzing the type of assistance you will need to achieve your goals. Developing your people skills. Building and cultivating your network. Maintaining your network through the years.

Introduction to Computer Networks

Introduction to Computer Networks

HUB,Switches, Routers,Wireless AccessPoints,Modems etc.

 Resource Sharing :

This is the main aim of a computer network. It means to make all programs peripherals and data available to any one computer on the network to all other computers in the network without regard to the physical locations of them.

Cost Reduction :

Another goal of networking is reduction of cost. Resource sharing automatically reduces cost and hence money can be saved. One more aspect is that the price of small computers is very less as compared to main frames. Though main frames are roughly ten times faster as compared to micro computers but even then the price to performance ration is much better for small computers as compared to large computers.

 The goal of a computer network is to provide a

powerful communication medium among widely separated people. It is easy for two or more people living far apart to work on same project by portioning it using a network.

Communication Medium :

Improve Performance :
The goal of a network is to improve accessibility as well as performance of a system. The performance of a computer can be improved by adding one or more processors to it as the work load on it grows.

Introduction to Computer Networks

The network topology

defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are connected. A network topology describes the layout of the wire and devices as well as the paths used by data transmissions.

Introduction to Computer Networks

In star topology a number of workstations are directly linked to a central node. Any communication between stations on a star LAN must pass through the central node. The central node controls all the activities of the nodes.

Introduction to Computer Networks

In bus topology all workstations are connected to a single communication line called bus. There is no central node as in star topology. Transmission from any station travels the length of the bus in both directions and can be received by all workstations.

Introduction to Computer Networks

In ring topology each station is attached nearby stations on a point to point basis so that the entire system is in the form of a ring. In this topology data is transmitted in one direction only. Thus the data packets circulate along the ring in either clockwise or anti-clockwise direction.

Single ring All the devices on the network share a single cable
Dual ring The dual ring topology allows data to be sent in both directions.

Introduction to Computer Networks

The mesh topology connects all devices (nodes) to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance. It is used in WANs to interconnect LANs and for mission critical networks like those used by banks and financial institutions. It is also called a pointto-point topology.

Topology

Advantages
Cheap. Easy to install.

Disadvantages
Difficult to reconfigure. Break in bus disables entire network. More expensive than bus.

Bus

Star

Cheap. Easy to install. Easy to reconfigure. Fault tolerant. Efficient. Easy to install.

Ring

Reconfiguration difficult. Very expensive.

Mesh

Simplest. Most fault tolerant.

Reconfiguration extremely difficult. Extremely expensive. Very complex.

There are three parts to a network system: 1. A sender of information; 2. A communications link; 3. A receiver of information.
SENDER

RECEIVER

LINK

Depending on the number of nodes and their proximity, three types of computer networks can be identified:

1.Local area network (LAN): It connects hundreds of

computers, and the distance is up to a few kilometers. 2.Metropolitan area network (MAN): It connects thousands of computers in a metropolitan area within a distance of hundreds of kilometers. 3.Wide area network (WAN): It connects tens of thousands of computers distributed throughout a country or the world at a typical distance of thousands of kilometers.

 Networks used to interconnect computers in a single room, rooms within a building or buildings on one site are called Local Area Network (LAN). LAN transmits data with a speed of several megabits per second

The transmission medium is normally coaxial cables.

LAN links computers, in the same area for the purpose of sharing information.

Usually LAN links computers within a limited geographical area because they must be connected by a cable, which is quite expensive.
People working in LAN get more capabilities in data processing, work processing and other information exchange compared to stand-alone computers.

 Examples:
Computer network at BPO
Computer network of a University Campus.

A wide area network (WAN) is normally used to link groups of computers across long distances. A multinational company in New York will have its own LAN, but to link with its Japanese offices LAN, it will need to make use of a WAN.

The WAN will be made up of telephone lines, radio and satellite links, all run by the local public providers. These will have their own charges.

 Example: The network connecting the ATM of a bank

located in various cities A network connecting the local and oversea offices of a SW house

 A MAN is a network that spans a metropolitan area such as a city or suburban area. A MAN usually consists of two or more LANs in a common geographic area.

MANs provide Internet connectivity for LANs in a metropolitan region, and connect them to wider area networks like the Internet.
Managed by a consortium of users or a single network provider.

Example:
Metropolitan area networks of various sizes can

be found in the metropolitan areas of London, England; Lodz, Poland; and Geneva, Switzerland Large universities also sometimes use the term to describe their networks.

Introduction to Computer Networks

Network

in small geographical Area (Room, Building or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)
in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) spread geographically (Country or across Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)

Network

Network