Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Microwaves
(f1-300GHz or 30Cms- 1mm)
Uses of Microwaves
Cooking
Communication
Radios Satellites RADAR
Medicine
Astronomy
In the microwave frequency region, power is considered to be in electric and magnetic fields that are guided from place to place by some physical structure. Any physical structure that will guide an electromagnetic wave from place to place is called a RF Transmission Line.
4.
Transmission Lines
Cross-sectional view of typical transmission lines (a) coaxial line, (b) two-wire line, (c) planar line, (d) wire above conducting plane, (e) microstrip line.
Transmission Lines (a) Coaxial line connecting the generator to the load; (b) E and H fields on the coaxial line
Triplate line
Stray field
For many purposes CPW is a good alternative to microstrip. In CPW the ground surfaces are alongside the strip conductor instead of underneath it. This configuration causes many characteristics to differ from those of microstrip. First, the fields are not as fully contained in the dielectric and extend farther into the air above the substrate. This causes dispersion and radiation to be worse in CPW than in microstrip. Second, the currents are more strongly concentrated in the edges of the conductors. Because the edges are likely to be much rougher than the surfaces, losses are higher.
Metamaterials
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties that may not be found in nature. Metamaterials usually gain their properties from structure rather than composition, using small inhomogeneities to create effective macroscopic behavior.
Metamaterials
The primary research in metamaterials investigates materials with negative refractive index. Negative refractive index materials appear to permit the creation of superlenses which can have a spatial resolution below that of the wavelength. In other work, a form of 'invisibility' has been demonstrated at least over a narrow wave band with gradient-index materials. Although the first metamaterials were electromagnetic, acoustic and seismic metamaterials are also areas of active research.
Electromagnetic Metamaterials
Metamaterials consist of periodic structures. An electromagnetic metamaterial affects electromagnetic waves by having structural features smaller than the wavelength of light. In addition, if a metamaterial is to behave as a homogeneous material accurately described by an effective refractive index, its features must be much smaller than the wavelength. To date, subwavelength structures have shown only a few questionable results at visible wavelengths
Electromagnetic Metamaterials
For microwave radiation, the structures need only be on the order of few centimeters. Microwave frequency metamaterials are usually synthetic, constructed as arrays of electrically conductive elements (such as loops of wire) which have suitable inductive and capacitive characteristics. These are known as split-ring resonators
Various molecular, atomic, and nuclear resonances occur at microwave frequencies, creating a variety of unique applications in the areas of basic science, remote sensing, medical diagnostics and treatment, and heating methods.
Today, the majority of applications of microwaves are related to radar and communication systems. Radar systems are used for detecting and locating targets and for air traffic control systems, missile tracking radars, automobile collision avoidance systems, weather prediction, motion detectors, and a wide variety of remote sensing systems.
Most of the currently developing wireless telecommunications systems, such as direct broadcast satellite (DBS) television, personal communication systems (PCSs), wireless local area networks (WLANS), cellular video (CV) systems, and global positioning satellite (GPS) systems rely heavily on microwave technology
THANK YOU !