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28 Data Structures
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Equivalence Relations
A binary relation over a set S is called an equivalence relation if it has following properties
1. Reflexivity: for all element xS, x x 2. Symmetry: for all elements x and y, x y if and only if y x 3. Transitivity: for all elements x, y and z, if x y and y z then x z
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Equivalence Relations
The relationship is not an equivalence relation. It is reflexive, since x x, and transitive, since x y and y z implies x z, it is not symmetric since x y does not imply y x.
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Equivalence Relations
Electrical connectivity, where all connections are by metal wires, is an equivalence relation. It is clearly reflexive, since any component is connected to itself. It is symmetric because if component a is connected to component b then b must be electrically connected to a. It is transitive, since if component a is connected to component b and b is connected to c then a is connected to c.
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a3
a4
Implies that all pairs are related. We would like to be able to infer this information quickly.
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