PRESENTATION ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY :AN INTRODUCTION

SUBTOPICS : Meaning of research Objectives and motivation in research Defining the research problem Selecting the research problem Necessity of defining the problem Techniques of defining ; A problem Types of research Research approaches Significance of research Research method Vs methodology Research and scientific method Research process Research problem in India

MEANING OF RESEARCH
According to Clifford Woody, research comprise defining redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting ,organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulation hypothesis.

MEANING OF RESERCH
1. Research originates with a question or a problem. 2. Research require a clear articulation of a goal. 3. Research follows a specific plan of a procedure. 4. Research usually divides the principal problem into more manageable sub problems. 5. Research is guided by the specific research problem, question or hypothesis.

MEANING OF RESEARCH
Research accepts certain critical assumptions. These assumptions are underlying theories or ideas about how the world works. Research requires the collection and interpretation of data in attempting to resove the problem that initiated the research . Research is , by its nature , cyclical; or more exactly, spiral or helical . In the Kan CRN project the helical nature of research is represented by connecting Vee diagrams.

OBJECTIVES AND MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH

Objectives To gain familiarity with a phenomenon (formulation or exploratory research) To portray accurately the feature of a particular individual situation or group descriptive research) To determine the frequency with which something occurs (diagnostic research) To test a hypothesis of casual relationship between variables (hypothesis test result) Motivating factors Desire to get a research degree along with its consequent benefits Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work Desire to be of service to society Desire to get responsibility Other motivating factors: curiosity, employment condition etc.

DEFINING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Research problem is some difficulty a researcher experience in the context of either a theoretical or practical situation and want to obtain a solution . Some condition: There must be individual whom problem can be attributed. There must be at least two course of action. There must be at least two course of outcome. Course of action must be provides chance of obtaining objectives.

SELECTING THE PROBLEM

Subject which is overdone should not be nor mall, chosen . Controversial subject should not become the choice of an average researcher. Too narrow or too vague problem should be avoided. Research should be familiar and feasible. Subject qualification, training of researcher, cost involved, time factor must be consider red. Selection of problem must be proceeded by preliminary study.

NECESSITY OF DEFINING THE PROBLEM

A problem clearly stated is a problem half solved . Problem to be investigated must be defined unambiguously for that will help to discriminate relevant data from the irrelevant ones.

TECHNIQUES OF DEFINING A PROBLEM

Statement of the problem in a general way. Understanding the nature of the problem. Surveying the available literature. Developing the ideas through discussions. Rephrasing the research problem.

TYPES OF RESEARCH
Descriptive research Analytical research Applied research Fundamental research Quantitative research Qualitative research Conceptual research Empirical research One time research

Longitudinal research Laboratotory research Diagnostic or clinical research Exploratory research Historical research Conclusion oriented research Decision oriented research Operation research

RESEARCH APPROACHES
Quantitative approach 1. Inferential approach
The purpose of to form a idea base from which to infer characteristic It is usually means survey research

2.

Experimental approach
It is characteristically by much greater control over the research environment and in this case some variable are manipulated to observe their effect on three variable

Qualitative approach It is concerned with subjective assessment of attitude opinion and behaviors. Research is such a situation is a function of researchers' in sights and impressions. Generally the techniques of four group interviews, projective techniques and depth interviews are used.

3.

Simulation approach
It involves the constriction of an artificial environment within which relevant information & data can be generated It is also useful in building models for understanding future conditions

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
All role of research is expandable & has generally increased in modern times whether related to business or the economy as a whole. Research provides the basis for nearly all government polices in our economic system. It facilitates the decision of the policy makers. Research has it special significance in solving various operational & planning problems of business & industry. Research is equally important for social scientists in studding social relationship & in seeking answers to various social problems. It is also important to write a masters or P.hd thesis. It is important to professional in research methodology , to philosophers thinkers for new ideas , to analyst for the generations of new ideas,

RESEARCH METHOD Vs METHODOLOGY

All methods which are used by researcher during the study of his research problem are called research methods. In research methodology we take research methods as well as the logic behind the methods and explains reason for not using other methods so results are evaluted by researchers as well as others.

RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Scientific methods attempts to achieve the ideal by experimentations and a combination, observation logical arguments from accepted postulates and a combination these three varying proportion.

RESEARCH PROCESS
Formulating the research problem. Extensive literature survey. Development of working hypothesis. Preparing the research design. Determining sample size. Collecting the data.

RESEARCH PROCESS
Execution of the project. Analysis of data. Hypothesis testing. Generalization and interpretation. Preparation of report or thesis.

CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH

Good research has to be systematic. Good research has to be logical. Good research has to be empirical. Good research has to be replicable.

RESEACH PROBLEMS IN INDIA

Lack of scientific training in research methodogy. Insufficient interaction between the universally research departments. Need for generating the confidence that the information obtained the business untill will not be misused. Research studies overlapping one another are undertaken quite often want of adequate information. There does not exist a code of conduct for researchers.

RESEACH PROBLEMS IN INDIA

Difficulty of adequate and timely secretarial assistance. Library management and functioning is not satisfactory at many places. Our libraries are not able to get copies of old new rules, report and other govt. publications in time. Timely availability of published data. Problem of conceptualization.