ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN

Presented To: Sir Anwar Presented By: M.Alim Ashfaq

OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSINGMENT

To have a better understanding of the current energy crisis faced by our economy. y Review what our government is doing since the past five decades to resolve this energy crisis. y The contribution of energy from different resources, its demand supply analysis. y To provide our audience with suggestion for overcoming this crisis.
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ENERGY CRISIS
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WHAT IS ENERGY CRISIS??? An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources. Energy Crisis happens due to several reasons, some of which are: misallocation of resources, incompetency of exploration sector, increasing price of oil in international market, power wastage, less dams, little deployment of unconventional energy resources, etc.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A COUNTRY FACE ENERGY CRISIS?

ENERGY RESOURCES

"Energy Resources" is NOT the same thing as "Types of energy "Energy Resources" is about ways of getting energy so we can generate electrical power.

ENERGY RESOURCES
1. Fossil

fuels. 2. Nuclear power 3. Renewable energy 4. Hydropower 5. Biomass and bio-fuels 6. Wind power 7. Solar power 8. Geothermal 9. Coal 10.Oil

WHAT ARE THE CURRENT ENERGY CRISIS OF PAKISTAN?

DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF ENERGY

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the demand exceeds supply and hence loadshedding is a common phenomenon through power shutdown. Pakistan needs around 14,000 to 15,000 MW electricity per day, and the demand is likely rise to approximately to 20,000 MW per day by 2010. Presently, it can produce about 11,500 MW per day and there is a shortfall of about 3000 to 4000 MW per day

CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY ENERGY RESOURCES

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Presently, oil-based thermal plants accounts for 68% of generating capacity, hydroelectric plants for 30% and nuclear plants for only 2% Installed Capacity of Electricity by source

Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan

Total Capacity(MW) Installed Generation

Power Company Installed Capacity(2008-2009) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. WAPDA Hydel Thermal KESC IPPs Nuclear Total 11,454 6,555 4,899 1,884 5,954 462 19,754 58 57.2 (share in WAPDA System) 42.8 (share in WAPDA System) 9.5 30.1 2.3 100.0 Share(%)

Source: PEPCO

SUPPLY SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

Electricity Generation by WAPDA(GWh) Year 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2007-08 2008-09 Hydro 22,448 19,288 17,259 19,056 22,350 27,477 25,671 30,855 31,942 28,667 21,606 20,665 Share(%) 41.8 34.3 29.5 31.3 34.9 39.8 34.9 37.5 36.4 33.23 33.5 33.7 Thermal 31,235 36,585 41,196 41,804 41,690 41,617 47,849 51,370 55,895 57,602 42,963 40,653 Share(%) 58.2 65.5 70.5 68.7 65.1 60.2 65 62.5 63.6 66.77 66.5 66.3 Total 53,683 55,873 58,455 60,860 64,064 69,094 73,520 82,225 87,837 86,269 64,569 61,318

2.KARACHI ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY (KESC)

S. No. Name of Power Plant Location Available Capacity (MW)

Bin Qasim Power Station

Port Qasim Industrial Area

1021

Korangi Thermal Power Station

Korangi Creek

55

3 4 5

GEJB- 1 GEJB- 2 Combined Cycle Power Station

SITE, Karachi Korangi Industrial Area Korangi Creek

80 35 160

GRAND TOTAL=1351

3.NUCLEAR ENERGY:
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Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) is responsible for the planning, construction and operation of nuclear power plants in the country. In Pakistan, nuclear power makes a small contribution to total energy production and requirements, supplying only 2.34% of the country's electricity. Total generating capacity is 20 GWe and in 2006, 98 billion kWh gross was produced, 37% of it from gas, 29% from oil.

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What is the way out?

Future and alternative sources of energy

Nuclear energy Natural gas exploration Natural gas import Solar energy Coal Wind energy

Conclusion
In Pakistan the current energy crisis stems from the decline in hydro sources of energy and over reliance on the expansive source of electricity. Presently, oil-based thermal plants accounts for 68% of generating capacity, hydroelectric plants for 30% and nuclear plants for only 2% This has led to a huge generation costs, which in turn adversely affect the economy over the past eight years. Rise in the oil prices pushing electricity tariff very high. As a result, manufacturing costs and inflation are at the rising trend, export competitiveness is eroded and the pressure on the balance of payments is increasing. These factors adversely affect the present growth trajectory of the economy.