Anterior Triangle of the Neck

Boundaries

Anterior
median line of the neck

Posterior
anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Superior
inferior border of the mandible

Deep (floor)
Larynx and Pharynx

Bones and Cartilages

Hyoid Bone
at the angle between the floor of the mouth and the superior end of the neck

Thyrohyoid membrane stretching between the thyroid

cartilage and hyoid bone

Thyroid cartilage
in the anterior midline of the neck

Superificial fascia: Skin , Platysma Anterior jugular vein ,External jugular vein Nerve: cervical branch of facial nerve(platysma) cervical nerve

External jugular vein formed by joining the

retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein

Anterior jugular vein

courses inferiorly near the midline to the suprasternal region where it penetrates the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia

MUSCULAR TRIANGLE of the Neck

Infrahyoid Muscle

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

Boundaries of the Muscular Triangle

Superolateral
superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Inferolateral
anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Medial
median plane of the neck

Muscular Triangle

1 2 3

Boundaries: Superolateral Medial Inferolateral

Infrahyoid Muscles
Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid (superior belly) Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Sternohyoid Muscle
Attachments: Inferior Sternum Superior Body of the Hyoid Bone Function: depresses the hyoid bone

With RED PIN: Sternohyoid muscle

Attachments: Inferior Superior border of the Scapula Superior Inferior border of the Hyoid Bone Function: depresses the hyoid bone

Omohyoid Muscle

Sternothyrohyoid Attachments: Muscle

Inferior oblique line of the thyroid cartilage Superior hyoid bone Function: depresses the larynx

Thyrohyoid Muscle Attachments:

Inferior oblique line of the thyroid cartilage Superior hyoid bone Function: elevates the larynx

Infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid (superior and inferior belly)

Thyrohy oid
Sternothy roid Sternohy oid

CAROTID TRIANGLE of the Neck

Boundaries of the Carotid Triangle

Inferomedial
superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Inferolateral
anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Superior
posterior belly of the diagastric muscle

Carotid Triangle

Boundaries:
2 3 1

Superior Inferomedial Inferolateral

Ansa Cervicalis
innervates the infrahyoid muscles

Superior Root of Ansa Cervicalis nerve travels with the hypoglossal Inferior Root of Ansa Cervicalis sheath to passes around the carotid
join the superior root

Cricothryoid produces tension and elongation of Muscle the vocal folds by

drawing up the arch of the cricoid cartilage and tilting back the upper border of the thyroid cartilage lamina

CAROTID SHEATH
Posterointernal- Common Carotid Artery and Internal Carotid artery Anteroexternal- Internal jugular vein Between and behind them- Vagus nerve
anterior

posterior
47

Internal Jugular Vein

Located lateral to common carotid or internal carotid artery in the carotid sheath

1:

With ARROW: Internal jugular vein

Largest Tributaries

COMMON FACIAL VEIN SUPERIOR THYROID VEIN MIDDLE THYROID VEIN

Six Branches of the External Carotid Artery

Ascending Pharyngeal Artery - first branch to arise from the external

carotid artery - branches from the medial surface near the carotid bifurcation

Superior Thyroid Artery -arises from the anterior surface of the

external carotid artery inferior to the greater hoid bone -descends to the superior pole of the lobe of the thyroid gland

Superior Laryngeal Artery thyroid is a branch of the superior

artery, which pierces the thyrohyoid membrane together with the internal laryngeal nerve.

Lingual Artery
-arises from the anterior surface of the external carotid artery at the level of the greater horn of the hyoid bone -passes deeply into the muscles of the tongue

Facial Artery
-arises from the anterior surface of the external carotid artery immediately superior to the lingual artery -courses deep to the submandibular gland before appearing on the face

Occipital Artery
-arises from the posterior surface

of the external carotid artery -supplies the scalp

Posterior Auricular -arises from Artery the posterior surface

of the external carotid artery -passes to the ear to supply the scalp

Bifurcatio n of the Common Carotid Artery

-a dilation of the origin of the internal carotid artery -its wall contains pressoreceptors that monitor blood pressure -Innervated by: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

Carotid Sinus

Carotid sinus

Carotid Body

-is a small mass of tissue located on the medial aspect of carotid bifurcation -monitors changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration of the blood -Innervated by: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

SUBMANDIBUL AR TRIANGLE of the Neck

Boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle

Superior
inferior border of the mandible

Anteroinferior
anterior belly of the digastrics muscle

Posterioinferior
posterior belly of the digastrics muscle

Floor
mhylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

Roof
investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Submandibular or Digastric Triangle

Boundaries: Lateral Anterior & posterior bellies of Digastric muscle (1) Superior Inferior border of mandible (2) Floor Mylohyoid muscle (3), Hyoglossus muscle, and Middle constrictor of pharynx

Suprahyoid Muscles

Mylohyoid Digastric (Anterior belly) Geniohyoid Digastric (Posterior belly) Stylohyoid

Geniohyoid pullsMuscle hyoid bone anterosuperiorly, shortens

floor of mouth, and widens pharynx

Mylohyoid elevates hyoid bone, floor of Muscle

mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking

mylohyoid

Anterior Belly
Attachment: Diagastric Fossa Innervated: Mylohyoid Nerve

Posterior Belly
Attachment: Mastoid Process of the Innervated: Facial Nerve

Intermediate Tendon attach and where the two bellies

is attached to the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone by a fibrous sling

Stylohyoid Muscle attaches to the body of the hyoid bone

by passing on either side of the intermediate tendon of the diagastric muscle

SUBMENTAL Triangle of the Neck

Boundaries of the Submental Triangle

Right and Left

anterior bellies of the right and left digastrics muscles

Inferior
hyoid bone

Floor
Mylohyoid muscle

Roof
investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Submental Triangle
Boundaries: Right and Left Mandibular symphysis bellies of Digastric muscle Inferior Body of hyoid bone Floor Mylohyoid muscle Lateral Right & left anterior

Submandibular triangle-submandibular gland Submental triangle-submental gland

Fin
Merci Beaucoup!