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Offshore Pipelines and how PD 8010 differs from the superseded BS 8010 and how it works in association with BS EN 14161 : 2003
by Bob Inglis (JP Kenny Leader of PSE/17/2 WG2 Pipelines Offshore) PD 8010 Slide 1 of 40
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PD 8010-2 Structure
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. SCOPE NORMATIVE REFERENCES TERMS & DEFINITIONS
HEALTH, SAFETY & ASSURANCE DESIGN - SYSTEM & SAFETY DESIGN MECHANICAL INTEGRITY DESIGN LANDFALLS, RISERS & TIE-INS DESIGN MATERIALS & COATINGS DESIGN CORROSION MANAGEMENT STATIONS & TERMINALS
10. CONSTRUCTION FABRICATION & INSTALLATION 11. CONSTRUCTION TESTING 12. PRE-COMMISSIONING & COMMISSIONING 13. OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE & INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT 14. ABANDONMENT
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A - EXTENT OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS FOR CONVEYING OIL & GAS THAT ARE COVERED BY THIS PART OF PD 8010
C B (normative) RECORDS & DOCUMENT CONTROL / D C (informative) HAZARDS IN PIPELINE DESIGN / E D (normative) SAFETY EVALUATION OF PIPELINES / F E (normative) PIPELINE ROUTE SELECTION / G F (normative) LOADS / H G (informative) BUCKLING / I H (normative) ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS / PLANNING & LEGAL
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Section 1 defines the extent of pipeline systems covered by PD 8010 Part 2, which is little different from BS 8010 Part 3. Note the code does not cover sea outfalls or fluid umbilicals Sections 2 and 3 cover references and definitions
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Section 4 gives recommendations for goal setting in terms of Health, Safety & Environment Competence Assurance Quality Assurance Design, Construction and Commissioning Assurance Operation and Abandonment Assurance It defines need for competent personnel (C.Eng or equivalent), need for QA/QC systems, document/records control, a design procedure and a design change procedure during operation.
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Basic Design
Design of Components
Corrosion Design
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Section 5 defines system limits, (unchanged from BS 8010), fluid categorisation, process design requirements, pressure control (overpressure limited to 110% MAOP), need for a safety evaluation
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10. Pressure to overcome friction losses 11. Recommended back pressure 12. Distance along pipeline
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Design Stress Criteria are effectively unchanged from BS 8010 Part 3, as follows:
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Buckling and Collapse Criteria are unchanged from BS 8010, (although errors in original formulae corrected!)
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Fracture Prime means of fracture resistance is by specification of sufficient toughness to ensure running fracture arrest. Fatigue A consistent approach with Part 1 has been adopted. Guidance is given for developing methodology with reference to BS 7608 and BS 7910.
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Descriptive guidance is given on aspects to be considered in design (Note aspects of flexible pipe design, previously included in BS 8010 Part 3, have now been deleted, reference is made to API RP 17B and ISO 13628, (API 17J for flexible risers))
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The basic 2D stability check from BS 8010 Part 3 is retained, with reference made to DNV and AGA for alternative approaches. Need for spans assessment is recognised, no prescriptive methodology laid down Crossings specification of minimum crossing angle of 300 from BS 8010 Part 3 has been omitted
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Most of the narrative from BS 8010 has been retained, Additional reference is made to branch connections (tees, Ys) connectors and to valve selection including actuators Considerations for pigging are included Pipeline protection methods are outlined Reference to the Safety Case Regulations (1996) is included for emergency shut down systems
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Section 9 gives guidelines for establishing a corrosion management programme including the need for in service assessments and maintenance of corrosion mitigation equipment. Both internal and external corrosion issues are described. Reference standards for internal coatings have been updated. Reference is given to DNV-RP-F103 for cathodic protection design, but with a note that ISO/DIS 155892-01 is in preparation
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It is recognised that 0.2% allowable air content may be impractical in short sections The 24-hour hold duration may be reduced for sections of less than 20m3 volume Leak testing to 110% MAOP is called for, but use of non-tested golden welds is accepted subject to specific criteria. The number of these should be minimised. The duration of leak testing is not specified, (previously advised as 3 hours typically). It should be sufficient to ensure that all potential leak paths can be verified.
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This section has been introduced as little guidance was previously given in BS 8010 Part 3. This was more aimed at design and construction. It draws on and expands on the guidance given in BS EN 14161. It states the need for the following plans and gives recommendations for items that should be included, namely: Integrity Management System Operating and Maintenance Plan Incident and Emergency Response Plan
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Emphasis is placed on implementation of the following: Permit-to-work Systems Training Authority and 3rd party liaison programmes Active maintenance of records The importance is noted of a control plan for any in-service changes in operating conditions. A full update of appropriate design documentation is recommended. Above all, the criticality of an active Integrity Assurance Programme is highlighted, especially with regard to changes in the design condition.
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Section 14 : Abandonment
Reference is made to the Pipelines Act (1962) and Pipeline Safety Regulations (1996) in respect of general duties to preserve safety throughout the lifetime of the pipeline (including abandonment) The onus remains with the Operator to ensure an an abandoned line remains safe and that accurate records are maintained.
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Appendix A gives recommendations on content of Quality plans for Design, Material Procurement and Construction Phases
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Appendix B outlines typical deliverables documentation for the following areas of a pipeline system: Design Procurement Construction Pressure Testing And Pre-commissioning Survey Inspection and Maintenance
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Appendix C provides information on potential Hazards of which Pipeline System Design should take account, both in terms of internal fluid (gas or liquid phase). It lists a number of external hazards for consideration but is not meant to be an exhaustive list!.
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It recommends systematic hazard identification, consequence analysis. Acceptance criteria need to be established and mitigation measures implemented for unacceptable levels of risk. Systematic risk assessments are required which should be maintained and updated through the pipeline lifetime.
1 1 2 3
1 1 2 3
1 2 3 3
2 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
EVENT
CAUSE
CONSEQUENCE/ Prob.
Prob.
Prob.
RPC
RPC
RPC
RPC
Sev.
Sev.
Sev.
Sev.
Loss of Stinger
Vessel Collision
Pipe Cargo Barge AHT Survey Vessel Supply Boats 3rd party vessel
Exclusion zones Marine Control procedures Emergency Response procedures/ Bridging Docs. Training Emergency Response procedures/ Bridging Docs. Stinger monitoring Impose weather criteria
Helicopter crash
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For risks identified in the tolerable range, mitigation measures should be implemented to reduce the risk as low as reasonably practical (ALARP) PD 8010 Slide 35 of 40
Appendices E - F
Appendix E gives guidance on factors to be considered in routing pipelines and and also for collection of survey data, both geophysical and environmental. Appendix F (effectively reproduced from BS 8010 Part 3) defines different types of load Appendix G reproduces the buckling checks from BS 8010, but with a couple of arithmetical corrections noted which had lain dormant since publication! The need to address upheaval buckling is also included, but only in a qualitative manner, recognising the complexity of the analysis. Appendix H retains the basic approach to derivation of appropriate wave/current conditions and for determining environmental loads, I.e. based on well used methodologies. The use of alternative approaches, (such as DNV), is also recognised.
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To date, from PSE/17/2 committee viewpoint, there has been little feedback from the industry! This either implies acceptance and approval of the code requirements, or apathy!
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There are no immediate plans for issue of updates, but the committee remains committed to responding to industry feedback This involves dealing with specific issues raised and, if necessary, issue of amendments and clarifications (none identified to date) Long term, the committee may review the structure of the code and expand specific topics, including pipeline operational issues, adoption of limit state design techniques and continued harmonisation with other international standards
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Close
BS 8010 Part 3 was never significantly broke, so didnt require significantly fixing! The introduction of BS EN 14161 has nevertheless necessitated a revision of the widely accepted and respected British Standard. This permits engineers to continue to design, construct and operate pipelines in a safe manner. The industry has accepted the implementation of PD 8010-2 as it has allowed business as usual to continue! Nevertheless the committee recognises the need to reflect industry needs and will continue to review and update the code as required.
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