Study of Important crops (Demand-supply, production, consumption, trade patterns, export-import, government policies)

Submitted ByGroup 10 Vaibhav Srivastav (48) Abhishek Gupta (107) Arul (114) Jayant Yadav (122) Kshitij Prasad (126) Subhav Joshi (149)

Top Production In India (Graph)

Top Production In India (Table)

Rice (Map-Production)

Export-Import and Production of Rice

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 Rice Ex (in $1000) 1456255 2352946 2843305 2398163 Rice Im (in $1000) 163 79 41 162 Production (in 000 T) 93355 96693 99182 89093

Production Consumption Per capita Consumption

- 89,000 thousand metric tons - 85,250 thousand metric tons - 78.9159 thousand metric tons

Wheat (Map-Production)

Export-Import and Production of Wheat

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 Wheat Ex (in $1000) 8673 120 155 168 Wheat Im (in $1000) 305973 1295294 265894 2635 Production (in MMT) 69.35 75.81 78.57 80.68

Production Consumption Per capita Consumption

- 67,000 thousand metric tons - 69,000 thousand metric tons - 63.8733 thousand metric tons

Government Policy for Food Grains

 Our food grains policy had its origins in 1965 when their was a need to disseminate high-yielding varieties and ensure low-priced food to consumers led to the creation of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and the Agricultural Prices Commission (APC)  1960s and 1970s- attain and maintain self-sufficiency in food grains to achieve food security  1960 to 1990- government successfully used food grains price stabilization as a major policy instrument when it embarked on promoting the Green Revolution  1990 s - growth in yield and consumption slowed, government policy sought to sustain progress by increasing producer support (MSP) and improving the targeting of food subsidies to low-income consumers  Government is now promoting public and private-sector investment in research and development (R&D), community farming, corporate farming etc  Currently wheat and rice stock is in excess of 65 million ton and government is planning to lift export ban on food grains

Spices (Graph-Production)

Spices (Table-Production)

Area, Production and Productivity of Spices in India

Area, Production and Productivity of Spices in India
(1991-1992 to 2009-2010) Area Year 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 ( ' 000 Hectare) 2005 2315 2472 2215 2216 2372 2524 2531 2500 2500 3220 3220 5155 5909 2366 2448 2617 2629 2464 Production ( ' 000 MT) 1900 2291 2515 2477 2410 2805 2801 3091 3023 3023 3765 3765 5113 8051 3705 3953 4357 4145 4016 Productivity (MT/Hec) 0.9 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Crop-wise Area and Production of principal condiments

Crop-wise Area and Production of Principal Condiments and Spices in India
(1999-2000 to 2006-2007) (Area : 000' ha; Production : 000' t) CardaCrops Area 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Production 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 59 63.7 50.8 64 73.2 73 92.9 69 10.7 14.3 15.4 16.7 16.9 17.8 15.7 239.3 231.3 302.9 164.9 389.8 248 223.4 233.2 1052.8 970.8 N.A. 1235.7 1185.5 1014.6 1234.1 668.5 666.1 573.9 564.9 718.1 851.7 837 195.6 213.9 215.5 216 233.4 228.3 260.2 246 84.8 86.2 88.5 95.6 95.2 95.8 98.2 415.1 353.6 411.1 243.3 483.5 348.9 340.4 320.8 959.2 908.4 N.A. 774.3 737.5 654 758 141.2 161.4 154.2 150.1 158.7 172 186 Black Pepper mom Coriander Chillies Turmeric

Abbr. : N.A. : Not Available. Note : * : Production in million nuts.

Spices
Spices exports have registered substantial growth during the last five years, registering an annual average growth rate of 21% in value and 8% in volume. In 2010-11 the export of spices from India has been 525,750 tonnes valued Rs.6840.71 crores (US $ 1502.85 Million) as against 502,750 tonnes valued Rs.5560.50 crores (US $ 1173.75 Million) in 2009-10, registering an increase of 28% in dollar terms of value and 5% in volume.
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 Spices Ex (in $1000) 609 1650 1463 2697 Spices Im (in $1000) 901 1998 1687 2697 Production (in 000 MT) 3953 4102.7 4144.91 4016.42

India's share in world trade of spices 2010

Value

Volume

Chilli
 India is the world leader in chilli production followed by China & Pakistan  The major consumers of chilli in the world are India, China, Mexico, Thailand, United States of America, United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden.  The world trade in chilli account for 16 % of the total spice trade in the world, occupying second position after black pepper  In India, only two species viz. Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens are known and most of the cultivated varieties belong to the species Capsicum annum

Chilli, Garlic and Ginger

Chilli
Chilli is one of the major commodity traded in Ramnagar mandi The price fluctuates from Rs.40 - 90 per kg depending on the season and also on the quality of the produce
Morocc Turkey 7% 5% o 7% Pakista n 7% Mexico 8% Spain 17%

Share in Chilly Production others

India 25%

Chilly Production in India (t)

Others 25% West Bengal 6% Orissa Karnata ka 6% 10% Andhra Pradesh 53%

China 24%

Chilli
Year Production Area (hectare) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11(E) May 2011Monthly Average Price Average International Spot Price Cost of cultivation 742200 809437 836684 801070 Production (tonnes) 1023128 1325273 1371250 1353796 Import Quantity (tonnes) 933 1595 475 820 1300 450 Value (Rs lakhs) 444.09 1029.54 361.00 657.25 750.00 408.25 Export Quantity (tonnes) 113174 149022 209000 188000 204000 240000 Value (Rs lakhs) 40300.51 80855.99 109750.00 108095.00 129172.80 153554.00

- Rs 79.95/kg - Rs 163.36/kg - Rs 21500/Acre

Ginger
The major ginger producing countries are India, China, Nigeria, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Philippines, Jamaica etc Marketed in different forms such as raw ginger, dry ginger, bleached dry ginger, ginger powder, ginger oil, ginger oleoresin, ginger ale, ginger candy etc Fresh ginger, dry ginger powder, oleoresin and oil are used in food processing It has wider applications in indigenous medicines The ginger oil is used as food flavouring agent in soft drinks China has the major export share India exports mainly in the form of whole and dry ginger Indian dry ginger is known in the global market as Cochin Ginger and Calicut Ginger Cochin Ginger is considered as one of the best in the world Australia is the world leader in value added products

Ginger Production
Ginger Share in World Production Ginger Production in India (MT)

others 22%

India 33% Others 50%

Assam 24%

Kerala 11%

Banglad esh 11%

Nigeria 13%

China 21%

Gujarat Mizoram 8% 7%

Ginger
Year Production Area (hectare) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11(E) May 2011Monthly Average Price Average International Spot Price Farm Gate price of wet ginger Cost of cultivation 125847 129014 120056 138479 Production (tonnes) 810934 721539 710476 795028 Import Quantity (tonnes) 23680 32518 22500 27750 27250 21500 Value (Rs lakhs) 4662.62 4015.53 3275.25 3887.75 4906.25 8266.75 Export Quantity (tonnes) 9411 7535 6700 5000 5500 15750 Value (Rs lakhs) 4295.52 3883.05 2800.00 3482.50 4675.00 12131.25

Rs 136.25/kg Rs 222.76/kg Rs 8.00/kg Rs 44000/acre

Chilli, Garlic and Ginger

Cardamom
Cardamom, called the "queen of spices", is the world s third-mostexpensive spice after vanilla and saffron Guatemala with a production of 23000 tonnes is the largest producer of cardamom followed by India and Tanzania The major consuming countries of cardamom are West Asian countries, Pakistan, Scandinavian & European countries, USA and Japan Indian cardamom is offered to the international markets in different grades: 'Alleppey Green Extra Bold' (AGEB), 'Alleppey Green Bold' (AGB) and 'Alleppey Green Superior' (AGS) India consumes almost 90% of the domestic production of cardamom About 5-8% of its total production, is exported, mostly the premium grade. India also exports value added products of cardamom like cardamom oil, and oleoresins to the European countries

Cardamom Production
Cardamom Production in India Others 5%

Cardamom Production

Tamil Nadu Karnatak 8% a 14%

India 31% Guate mela 64%

Kerala 78%

CardamomYear Production Area (hectare) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11(E) May 2011Monthly Average Price Average International Spot Price 103834 103267 99319 98204 Production (tonnes) 17725 15538 14390 15299 Import Quantity (tonnes) 5372 6920 6725 6130 6095 4125 Value (Rs lakhs) 4435.66 6054.99 5503.00 5305.15 7054.75 10874.13 Export Quantity (tonnes) 1909 2159 1825 2625 2975 1950 Value (Rs lakhs) 3836.78 4048.18 3975.00 7007.25 18358.85 17679.15

- Rs 707.26/kg (small), Rs 971.88/kg (large) - Rs 1060.09/kg (small)

Coriander, Celery & Cardamom

Turmeric- Indian saffron

India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of turmeric in the world India is the global leader in value added products of turmeric and exports Indian turmeric is considered the best in the world market because of its high curcumin content The various varieties of turmeric that are traded in India are Allepey Finger ( Kerala), Erode Turmeric (Tamil Nadu), Salem Turmeric (Tamil Nadu), Rajapore Turmeric (Maharashtra), Sangli Turmeric (Maharashtra), Nizamabad Bulb ( Andhra Pradesh) etc. The major trading centers of turmeric are Nizamabad, Dugirala in Andhra Pradesn, Sangli in Maharshtra and Salem, Erode, Dharmapuri and Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu.

Turmeric Production
Nigeria Turmeric Production share Myanam r 4% China 9%

Turmeric Production in India

Karnatak a 3% Orissa 7%

and Bangala Desh 6%

Others 13%

India 81%

Tamil Nadu 17%

Andhra Pradesh 60%

TurmericYear Production Area (hectare) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11(E) May 2011Monthly Average Price Average International Spot Price 173139 183917 175947 194358 Production (tonnes) 867074 856464 826030 892213 Import Quantity (tonnes) 4022 7003 4650 2525 4450 3900 Value (Rs lakhs) 1676.14 2519.82 1227.30 820.25 2066.75 4220.54 Export Quantity (tonnes) 46405 51712 49250 52500 50750 49250 Value (Rs lakhs) 15286.02 16575.98 15700.00 24857.75 38123.00 70285.15

- Rs 140.62/kg - Rs 282.16/kg

Turmeric, Ajwain & Saffron

Garlic
From being a net importer of garlic, India has turned into a big supplier of garlic to the global markets Export market includes Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia and Thailand Garlic exports increased during the last fiscal by 1314 % in volume terms and 769% in value terms Spices Board estimates garlic production in 200910 to touch 850,000 tonne

Garlic
Year Production Area (hectare) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11(E) May 2011Monthly Average Price Average International Spot Price 162503 169612 219814 194274 Production (tonnes) 624794 833157 1088800 1009116 Import Quantity (tonnes) 2771 1073 4050 185 125 115 Value (Rs lakhs) 586.79 191.71 552.50 48.25 73.50 116.10 Export Quantity (tonnes) 34688 13598 675 760 10750 17300 Value (Rs lakhs) 4798.38 2713.43 400.00 350.25 3042.25 6977.30

- Rs 50/kg -

Pepper
Two types of pepper available in India Black and White Black peppers are native to India and are extensively cultivated here and elsewhere in tropical regions. Vietnam is largest producer and exporter and contributes to 34% of the total world production Used as a spice since almost 2000 years in India Peppercorns (dried black pepper) are, by monetary value, the most widely traded spice in the world International Pepper Exchange is Located in Kochi

World Production of Pepper (in MMT)

Production
1 Vietnam 4 India 2 Indonesia 5 China 3 Brazil 6 World Kerala

State wise Production

Karnataka Tamil Nadu Others

2% 8%

20% 29%

23%
6% 11% 18% 16%

67%

PepperYear Production Area (hectare) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11(E) May 2011Monthly Average Price Average International Spot Price 257244 236177 196297 181074 Production (tonnes) 50000 50000 50000 46745 Import Quantity (tonnes) 16870 15701 13500 10750 18100 16100 Value (Rs lakhs) 10358.39 13597.20 19388.75 17664.75 23465.75 27010.63 Export Quantity (tonnes) 17363 28726 35000 25250 19750 18850 Value (Rs lakhs) 15094.81 30599.18 51950.00 41373.50 31392.50 38318.50

- Rs 279.04/kg - Rs 302.95/kg

Government Policy for Spices

 Spices Board was constituted on 26th February 1986 under the Spices Board Act 1986 (No. 10 of 1986) with the merger of the erstwhile Cardamom Board (1968) and Spices Export Promotion Council (1960)  Launched a Scheme named- Promotion of Indian Spice Brands Abroad , The scheme aims to promote Indian Spice Brands in new, sophisticated and affluent segments in foreign markets, targeted beyond the ethnic Indian population

Government Policy for Spices

 EXPORT DEVELOPMENT & PROMOTION OF SPICES Infrastructure Development (1) Adoption of Hi-Tech in Spice Processing (2) Technology and Process Upgradation (3) Setting-up/up-gradation of in-house quality control laboratory (4) Quality certification, validation of check samples and training of laboratory personnel  Guidance to farmers on getting higher and better quality yields through scientific agricultural practices

Government Policy for Spices

 Provision of financial and material support to growers  Encouraging organic production and export of spices  Facilitating infrastructure for processing and value addition  Registration and licensing of all spice exporters  Maintenance and monitoring of quality of exports

Thank You