Chapter 1

Introduction to Exploring Exercise Science

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Exercise Science



Exercise Science


Study of the physiological and behavioral changes that occur in the body in response to exercise and sport training


Made of up sub-disciplines

What are the sub-disciplines?

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Exercise ScienceHistory


Ancient Olympics in Greece foundation for much of our modern day research Late 18th century
 

Seguin and Lavoiseroxygen at rest and exercise Physiology of Bodily Exercise United States renewed interest early 20th century 1954 one of first researchers to utilize science as a way to enhance physical performance
2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Physical Education beginnings for exercise science



Bannister


Exercise ScienceHistory


Harvard Fatigue Laboratory (HFL) 1927

 

David B. Dill (1891-1986) Exercise physiology, physiology of endurance performance and environmental physiology 330 scientific papers were published until closing 1947

Human Physiology Laboratory at Indiana University

 

Dr.Dills student, Sid Robinson (1903-1981) Effects of aging on the heart and lungs

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Exercise ScienceHistory


Environmental stresses


1960s biochemical approaches to study exercise Cooper Institute 1970s Kenneth Cooper American College of Sports Medicine Founded 1954 1954 England, 1st person to run a sub-four minute mile, 3:59.4
2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Aerobics
   

Bannister


Defining Exercise Science



Exercise


The participation in some quantified form of physical activity with the intended purpose of improving or maintain health Is a structured inquiry of study  Science represents a systematic, empirically based search for knowledge Study of how the human body responds to exercise or physical activity Those that study the relationship of exercise to physical health and sport performance  Health promotion or sport performance enhancement
2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Science


Exercise science


Exercise scientists


What is a Discipline?


Discipline


A field of study that has a central focus with its own body of knowledge

Sub-disciplines


Specialized areas of interest

Sub-disciplines of Exercise Science

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Subdisciplines of Exercise Science

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Physiologic Knowledge


Exercise Physiology


 

Study of how the human body functions, and how it responds or changes when exposed to exercise Most readily recognized sub-discipline Encompasses study: physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, and biology


 

Exercise components, Metabolic (energy), nervous, endocrine, skeletal muscle, cardiovascular, respiratory Exercise testing, exercise prescription ACSM and NSCA
2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Physiologic Knowledge


Sports Nutrition
  

How and what we eat affects human health and fitness Develops nutritional programs to foster improvements in health & performance Study the bodys metabolic system
  

Efficient food as food Weight control, body composition Eating disorders, female triad

ADA, ISSN, ACSM

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Behavioral Knowledge


Psychological aspects of exercise participation and sports performance Sport psychology



The study of cognitive factors that influence sport performance: confidence, motivation, anxiety Examines behavioral factors associated with exercise adherence and positive mental health & exercise

Exercise psychology


APA, AAASP, ACSM

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Behavioral Knowledge


Motor behavior


Study of the neural mechanisms that influence the learning of movement



2 board, overlapping areas: motor control and motor learning

  

Motor control-- processes underlie the production: neural, physical and behavioral aspects of human nervous system Motor learning-- mechanisms which skilled movements are acquired Motor development-- examines changes in both motor control and learning over the lifetime

NATA, APTA, BES

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Biomechanical Knowledge


Biomechanics


The application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms Anatomy, physiology, mathematics, engineering, physics used to describe how forces shape human movement


Biomechanist can have diverse backgrounds

ACSM, ASB, ISB

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Sports Medicine Knowledge



Athletic Training
 

Specialization within sports medicine Prevention of athletic injuries, recognition and evaluation of athletic injuries, rehabilitation and reconditioning of injuries Anatomy, exercise physiology, psychology, biomechanics, nutrition

CAATE, BOC, ATC, NATA

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Social Science Knowledge



Sociology of physical activity



Evaluate the role of organized sport and physical activity in todays society Understand potential role of organized sport and physical activity in promoting social change in health and wellness

NASSS, APHA, ACSM, ISSS

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Social Science Knowledge



Sport History


Examine variables (religion, social attitudes, politics, economics, tradition) influence the formation of sport and physical activity

NASSH

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Scope of Exercise Science



Health Promotion


Five bases of knowledge to improve individual and societal levels of fitness



Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition

Sport Performance


Physiological variables related to performance (unrelated to health and fitness)



Speed, strength, power, agility, quickness

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Scope of Exercise Science



Basic research
  

Specific research question, theoretical concept Goal is to acquire new knowledge and advance the knowledge base of exercise science Cornerstone for knowledge Specific question with intention of applying new information in solving a problem Goal is how to improve athletic performance Working directly with athlete to improve performance
2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Applied research
  

Scope of Exercise Science

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Scope of Exercise Science



Textbook will examine the interdisciplinary approach of exercise science Physiologic, behavioral, biomechanical, sports medicine, social science New knowledge is used to enhance health & fitness levels and improve sport performance

2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.